Development of methane emission factors for Indian paddy fields and estimation of national methane budget

Emission of methane and nitrous oxides from agricultural soils and related global warming potentials of Murshidabad District, West Bengal

“…N2O flux from per ha of agricultural soil within the district (1.79 kg/ha/Yr) was observed to be higher than the state (West Bengal, 1.16 kg/ha/Yr) and national average (1.4 kg/ha/Yr) as estimated by Gupta et al . () (Figure ). It was also higher than some other countries, like Bangladesh, Australia and Ukraine which emitted 1.8, 0.8 and 1.2 kg N2O from per ha of agricultural soil respectively (UNFCCC, ) (Figure ).…”

GHG footprint of major cities in India

“…CH 4 and N 2 O country specific emission factors for bovines were found to be lower than IPCC-1996 default values. Inventory estimates were found to about 698 727 Gg CH 4 from all manure management systems and 2.3 70.46 t of N 2 O from solid storage of manure for the year 2000 [145]. Using the emission factors provided in the report [146], it is estimated that the Indian livestock emitted 9.65 million tons in 2007.…”

“…Average methane flux varied significantly with different cultivars ranging between 0.65 and 1.12 mg m À 2 h À 1 [120]. CH 4 emissions from Indian rice paddies, therefore, is estimated to be 3.6 71.4 Tgy À 1 , which is lower than 4.2 (1.3 to 5.1) Tgy À 1 obtained using the IPCC 1996 default emission factors [145]. India emitted 3.3 million tons of CH 4 in 2007 from 43.62 million ha cultivated [146][147][148].…”

“…In India, various studies have been carried out in which the emission inventories for enteric fermentation and manure management are done at the national level [81,89,91,145,153]. Total emission of methane from Indian livestock was estimated as 10.08 MT considering different categories of ruminants and type of feed resources available in different zone of the country [158].…”

Experimental quantification of greenhouse gas (CH4) emissions from fertilizer amended rice field soils of Kashmir Himalayan Valley

“…Very recent study [7] quantified methane emissions from rice paddies in northeast China by integrating remote sensing mapping with a biogeochemical model, and the results showed that total 1.44 Mha (million ha) of rice paddies in the plain emitted 0.43-0.58 Tg CH 4 year -1 methane. Similarly, studies conducted state-wise for 1994 in India [8] . Four higher emitting or "hotspot" states (West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Utter Pradesh) in India account for 53.9% of total methane emission.…”