Development of Methodology for Control of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content in Food

Abstract

The assumption that benzo(a)pyrene is the most appropriate marker for all PAHs is questionable. In the research that was performed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the summary concentration of PAHs including benzo(a)pyrene was 20 times higher than that of benzo-(a)pyrene itself. In the routine analyses, the concentration of some other PAHs is more than two times higher than that of benzo(a)pyrene. The aim of the current research was to find a better marker for the reliable characterization of PAHs.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coffee samples: Enquiry into processes and analytical methods

“…Accurate coffee-sample treatment usually involves solvent extraction followed by a suitable clean-up; accelerated solvent extraction (Rey-Salgueiro, Martinez-Carballo, Garcia-Faicon, Gonzalez-Barreiro & Simal-Gandara, 2009), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) (Tfouni et al, 2013), Soxhlet extraction (Kukare, Bartkevics & Viksna, 2010;Grover, Sharma, Singh & Pal, 2013), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) (Orecchio, Paradiso, Ciotti & Culotta, 2009) are among the most popular methods for PAHs recovery, and can make use of solvents such as hexane, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, acetone, methanol, acetonitrile and ethyl acetate. Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) has been reported as a good method to extract PAHs from several foodstuffs (Moret, Conchione, Srbinovska & Lucci, 2019), nevertheless, few applications are referred to coffee matrix (Kamalabadi, Mohammadi & Alizadeh, 2018).…”

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coffee and Coffee Substitutes using Dispersive SPE and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

“…The final extract is usually analysed by gas or liquid chromatography coupled with one of variety detectors. The most popular extraction techniques are: Soxhlet extraction (Grover et al 2013;Badolato et al 2006) together with saponification (Lee and Shin 2010;Orecchio et al 2009;Kukare et al 2010), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE; Tfouni et al 2012Tfouni et al , 2013García-Falcón et al 2005;Bishnoi et al 2005), accelerated solvent extraction (Rey-Salgueiro et al 2009), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (Orecchio et al 2009;Ramalhosa et al 2009) using hexane, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, acetone, methanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate. Conventional cleanup strategies include solid-phase extraction (SPE) on cartridges with alumina, florisil, silica, C18, PS-DVB (Wieczorek et al 2002;Tfouni et al 2013;Lee and Shin 2010;Houessou et al 2005;García-Falcón et al 2005) or column chromatography with silica gel (Tfouni et al 2012;Grover et al 2013;Badolato et al 2006).…”

“…2005;García-Falcón et al 2005;Ramalhosa et al 2009) or mass spectrometry detection (ReySalgueiro et al 2009) is often used. Another popular technique is gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (Wieczorek et al 2002;Orecchio et al 2009;Kukare et al 2010;Plaza-Bolanos et al 2010).…”