Development of Methods for Evaluating Toxicity to Freshwater Ecosystems

Girling, A.E.; Pascoe, David D.; Janssen, Colin R.; Peither, A.; Wenzel, Andrea; Schäfer, Harald; Neumeier, B; Mitchell, G.C.; Taylor, E. J.; Maund, S.J.; Lay, J.P.; Jüttner, Ingrid; Crossland, N. O.; Stephenson, Richard R.; Persoone, Guido

doi:10.1006/eesa.1999.1847

Cited by 91 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Advice on the use of fertilizers and pesticides by farmers and for the reduction of runoff from agricultural areas is provided as one of the main management methods. The ban of some toxic products, such as Atrazine or Lindane, the regulation of field drainage and the protection of hedgerow networks act towards the decrease of toxic inputs Girling et al, 2000;Haggard et al, 2001). Another management method consists of buffer strip creation (Rabeni and Smale, 1995;Rawe et al, 2002) which increases the distance separating fields from streams, physically reduces direct solute inputs into streams and favours the microbial processes in the river banks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of bottom sediment restoration on interstitial habitat characteristics and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a headwater stream

Sarriquet

Bordenave

Marmonier

2007

River Research & Apps

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The restoration of in-stream habitats by structural improvement of stream beds is more and more frequent, but the ecological consequences of such works are still little known. We have examined the influence of the deposit of a 15 cm gravel layer over the stream bottom on the chemical characteristics of the interstitial water, the sediment grain size and the composition of the benthic assemblages. We have compared a restored reach to an upstream control over three years and at three seasons each year. Dissolved oxygen, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate contents were measured in both surface and interstitial (À15 cm deep) waters, together with the depth of anoxia estimated using wooden stakes and fine sediment content at the surface. During the same period and seasons, benthic invertebrates were sampled at five points in each reach. The restoration induced an increase in vertical exchanges of water between surface and interstitial habitats, with an increase in the depth of hypoxia. Changes were observed in the composition of invertebrate communities, but not in the density or in the taxonomic richness of assemblages. These changes in assemblages were fragile: a local disturbance (such as a drying period) diminished the beneficial effect of the restoration with the disappearance of several organisms. The viability of such restoration works may be associated with catchment management designed to reduce fine sediment inputs to the river.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of bottom sediment restoration on interstitial habitat characteristics and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a headwater stream

Sarriquet

Bordenave

Marmonier

2007

River Research & Apps

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“…A great number of toxicity tests based on very di!erent methods and organisms have been described, and include studies of the e!ects of toxicants at the cellular, individual, population, and community levels (Adams, 1995;Girling et al, 2000). As a counterpoint, the sensitivity range for each assay used to test chemical substances usually varies, sometimes considerably, depending on factors such as the species used and the parameter being quanti"ed in the assay (Kwan and Dutka, 1995;Dutka et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Two Bioluminescence and One Fluorogenic Bioassay for the Detection of Toxic Chemicals

Peinado

Mariscal

Carnero-Varo

et al. 2002

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…The challenge is even greater for invertebrates; typically arthropods such as Daphnia magna are prioritized for testing (although annelids, echinoderms, and mollusks may be used in some exposure or toxicological mode-of-action scenarios) [2]. In most cases, the safety factor extrapolations operate well in practice because they appear generally conservative, are simple to apply, and are easy to communicate to stakeholders [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species extrapolation for the 21st century

Celander

Goldstone

Denslow

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Safety factors are used in ecological risk assessments to extrapolate from the toxic responses of laboratory test species to all species representing that group in the environment. More accurate extrapolation of species responses is important. Advances in understanding the mechanistic basis for toxicological responses and identifying molecular response pathways can provide a basis for extrapolation across species and, in part, an explanation for the variability in whole organism responses to toxicants. We highlight potential short- and medium-term development goals to meet our long-term aspiration of truly predictive in silico extrapolation across wildlife species' response to toxicants. A conceptual approach for considering cross-species extrapolation is presented. Critical information is required to establish evidence-based species extrapolation, including identification of critical molecular pathways and regulatory networks that are linked to the biological mode of action and species' homologies. A case study is presented that examines steroidogenesis inhibition in fish after exposure to fadrozole or prochloraz. Similar effects for each compound among fathead minnow, medaka, and zebrafish were attributed to similar inhibitor pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic distributions and sequences of cytochrome P45019A1/2 (CYP19A1/2). Rapid advances in homology modeling allow the prediction of interactions of chemicals with enzymes, for example, CYP19 aromatase, which would eventually allow a prediction of potential aromatase toxicity of new compounds across a range of species. Eventually, predictive models will be developed to extrapolate across species, although substantial research is still required. Knowledge gaps requiring research include defining differences in life histories (e.g., reproductive strategies), understanding tissue-specific gene expression, and defining the role of metabolism on toxic responses and how these collectively affect the power of interspecies extrapolation methods.

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Development of Methods for Evaluating Toxicity to Freshwater Ecosystems

Cited by 91 publications

References 84 publications

Effects of bottom sediment restoration on interstitial habitat characteristics and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a headwater stream

Effects of bottom sediment restoration on interstitial habitat characteristics and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a headwater stream

Correlation of Two Bioluminescence and One Fluorogenic Bioassay for the Detection of Toxic Chemicals

Species extrapolation for the 21st century

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