Development of methods for multidimensional measurements in the optical investigation of surface

Nuclear multifragmentation and fission: Similarity and differences

“…It is more appropriate to associate the spinodal decomposition with the liquid-fog phase transition in a nuclear system rather than with the liquid-gas transition [6,8]. This scenario is supported by a number of observations; some of them are the following: (a) the density of the system at break-up is much lower than the normal one ρ 0 [8]; (b) the mean life-time of the fragmenting system is very small (≈ 50 fm/c) [9]; (c) the break-up temperature is significantly lower than T c , the critical temperature for the liquid-gas phase transition [6,7].…”

The first applications of newly developed gaseous detectors with resistive electrodes for UV imaging in daylight conditions

“…In one coordinate the 1D image for each spectral interval is determined by the hyper spectrometer's spectral resolution, and on the other coordinate by its spectra for each point along the strip of interest. By employing the optical system [12] to move the strip of interest along the surface, and with a 2D position sensitive detector placed in the focal plane of the hyper spectrometer (usually an MCP), it is possible to scan the full surface. Because the detectors used in this work had only 1D position resolution (see Ref.…”

Thermal and chemical freeze-out in spectator fragmentation

“…The corresponding temperatures of not more than 5 MeV compare well with the present results and confirm their universal character as representing the internal excitation in fragment emissions. Translated into time scales of evaporation processes, temperatures between 4 and 6 MeV correspond rather generally to nuclear life times of the order of 50 to 200 fm/c [92,93,94] which cover the range of time scales deduced for fragmentation reactions [48,95,96,97].…”