Development of Microplitis bicoloratus on Spodoptera litura and implications for biological control

Luo, Kongjia; Trumble, John T.; Pang, Yi

doi:10.1007/s10526-006-9030-8

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…I). In our samples, C. flavipes larvae eclosed between days three and four after parasitization, as observed for several other endoparasitoids (EGUILEOR et al 2001, LUO et al 2007, YU et al 2008. Daily larval mandible measurements showed that the first molt occurred between the 5 th and 6 th day after oviposition, while the second molt was observed between the 7 th and 8 th day (Tab.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

External morphology of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) during larval development

Pinheiro¹,

Rossi²,

Cônsoli³

2010

Zoologia (Curitiba, Impr.)

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Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891) (Hymenoptera) is a gregarious endoparasitoid used in applied biological control against Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera). In this study, we characterize the larval external morphology and the number of instars of C. flavipes. Parasitized larvae of D. saccharalis were sampled from the 1st to the 10th day after parasitism and dissected in an anticoagulant buffer for collection of C. flavipes immatures. Immatures were processed for scanning electron microscopy. Larvae of C. flavipes were prepared in NaOH solution and slide mounted to allow for mandible size measurements. Analysis of measurements of the parasitoid larval mandible size indicated that C. flavipes has three instars. Newly hatched larvae are caudate-mandibulate, assuming a hymenopteriform shape later in their development. The anal vesicle began to expand in the first instar and, once expanded, remained unchanged up to the beginning of the third instar. At the third instar, the anal vesicle decreased in volume. Herein we report the development and possible functions of the larval external structures modified during the development of C. flavipes, as for example their role in aiding newly-eclosed larvae to avoid the host immune response and to move within the host. To summarize the morphological changes during parasitoid growth, we should mention that the modifications in the anal vesicle were correlated with the feeding activity, and the maintenance of the anal vesicle indicates that this structure remained functional, probably playing a role in nutrient absorption and host regulation. On the other hand, the mandibles of early stage larvae are probably used to assist the parasitoid larvae during eclosion

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

External morphology of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) during larval development

Pinheiro¹,

Rossi²,

Cônsoli³

2010

Zoologia (Curitiba, Impr.)

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“…The other prominent change after M. bicoloratus parasitism is developmental retardation of S. litura (Luo et al., ). We tested any involvement of F o F 1 ‐ATPase β‐chain in the development of S. litura .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other prominent change after M. bicoloratus parasitism is developmental retardation of S. litura (Luo et al, 2007).…”

Section: Partial Loss Of F O F 1 -Atpase -Chain Inhibits the Developmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of β‐chain of F_oF₁‐ATPase in apoptotic cell population induced by Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus and its role in the development of Spodoptera litura

Kou

Liu

et al. 2017

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Two physiological changes of Spodoptera litura parasitized by Microplitis bicoloratus are hemocyte-apoptosis and retarded immature development. β-Chain of F F -ATPase was found from a S. litura transcriptome. It belongs to a conserved P-loop NTPase superfamily, descending from a common ancestor of Lepidopteran clade. However, the characterization of β-chain of ATPase in apoptotic cells and its involvement in development remain unknown. Here, the ectopic expression and endogenous F F -ATPase β-chain occurred on S. litura cell membrane: in vivo, at the late stage of apoptotic hemocyte, endogenous F F -ATPase β-chain was stably expressed during M. bicoloratus larva development from 4 to 7 days post-parasitization; in vitro, at an early stage of pre-apoptotic Spli221 cells by infecting with M. bicoloratus bracovirus particles, the proteins were speedily recover expression. Furthermore, endogenous F F -ATPase β-chain was localized on the apoptotic cell membrane. RNA interference (RNAi) of F F -ATPase β-chain led to significantly decreased head capsule width. This suggested that F F -ATPase β-chain positively regulated the development of S. litura. The RNAi effect on the head capsule width was enhanced with parasitism. Our research found that F F -ATPase β-chain was expressed and localized on the cell membrane in the apoptotic cells, and involved in the development of S. litura.

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“…Adults were also provided with honey as a dietary supplement. Passage of parasitoids was performed according to established methods (Luo et al., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TWO INNEXINS OF Spodoptera litura INFLUENCES HEMICHANNEL AND GAP JUNCTION FUNCTIONS IN CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSES

Pang

et al. 2015

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Insect cellular immune responses include encapsulation, nodule formation, and phagocytosis. Hemichannels and gap junctions are involved in these cellular actions. Innexins (Inxs: analogous to the vertebrate connexins) form hemichannels and gap junctions, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their biology is still unclear. In this article, we reported a steady-state level of Inxs (SpliInxs) in hemocytes of Spodoptera litura, which formed nonfunctional hemichannels on the cell surface to maintain normal metabolism. We also reported that two innnexins (SpliInx2 and SpliInx3) were expressed significantly higher in hemocytes compared to other tissues, suggesting that they play important roles in hemocytes. Amino acid analysis found that two cysteine residues in two extracellular loops provided the capability for SpliInx2 and SpliInx3 hemichannels to dock into gap junctions. Western blotting demonstrated that both extracellular and intracellular loops of SpliInx3 and the extracellular loops of SpliInx2 might undergo posttranslational modification during the formation of a steady-state hemichannel. During hemichannel formation, SpliInx2 presented as one isoform, while SpliInx3 presented as three isoforms. These results provide fundamental knowledge for further study of how steady-state levels of SpliInxs are dynamically adjusted to perform cellular immune responses under immune challenge.

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Development of Microplitis bicoloratus on Spodoptera litura and implications for biological control

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

External morphology of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) during larval development

External morphology of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) during larval development

Identification of β‐chain of F_oF₁‐ATPase in apoptotic cell population induced by Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus and its role in the development of Spodoptera litura

TWO INNEXINS OF Spodoptera litura INFLUENCES HEMICHANNEL AND GAP JUNCTION FUNCTIONS IN CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSES

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Development of Microplitis bicoloratus on Spodoptera litura and implications for biological control

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

External morphology of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) during larval development

External morphology of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) during larval development

Identification of β‐chain of FoF1‐ATPase in apoptotic cell population induced by Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus and its role in the development of Spodoptera litura

TWO INNEXINS OF Spodoptera litura INFLUENCES HEMICHANNEL AND GAP JUNCTION FUNCTIONS IN CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSES

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Identification of β‐chain of F_oF₁‐ATPase in apoptotic cell population induced by Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus and its role in the development of Spodoptera litura