Development of Mindfulness for Pregnant Women (MPW) Program and its Psychological Efficacy

Development and Effects of a Loving-Kindness and Compassion Meditation Program to Improve Maternal-Fetal Attachment

“…This is due to the need for sufficient delivery of training content and feedback time for questions. Second, pregnant women also adopted a short-term intervention of six sessions, considering that the dropout rate increased with longer sessions (An YG et al, 2011). In a study examining the relationship between treatment time and treatment effects (Howard et al, 1986; Requoted in Levenson, 1995Levenson, /2008), there were claims that patients typically benefited from psychotherapy after six to eight sessions and the results of previous studies that the effects of LKCM are revealed appeared after three to four weeks (Wang IS et al, 2011;Gim WS et al, 2014), the six shortest configurations having been selected with the shortest effect.…”

“…In terms of contents, first, each session was conducted through psychological education and LKCM training to understand and acquire the subject of each session. This is a form that many meditation practice programs take to convey their purpose and inspire their motivation through pre-meditation psychological education (Kabat-Zinn J, 1990;Vieten C et al, 2008;An YG et al, 2011;Gim WS et al, 2014). Second, fetal movement, MFA, maternal acceptance, and healthy childbirth were added in the psychological education to understand and acquire the subjects of each session besides the contents related to stress, mindfulness, and self-compassion during pregnancy.…”

“…LKCM is intended to remind people of the image of another person or life, and pray for its goodwill and happiness with kindness and love (Gim WS, 2014). In the early Buddhist scripture, Mettāutta, in the Suttanipāa, the mothers' act of loving their children with all their heart and soul is considered LKCM (An YG et al, 2011;Yang ES, 2016).…”

The Mediating Effect of Perceived Stress in the Relationships among Mindfulness, Self-compassion, and Maternal-fetal Attachment

“…일정 수준 의 스트레스는 어머니라는 새로운 역할을 이행하는데서 발 생하는 자연스러운 반응이지만 (Selye, 1956), 과도할 경우 태아와의 애착이나 신생아기, 영아기 발달까지 영향을 미친 다 (Selye, 1956;Kwon JH, 1996;Kim JW et al, 2004;Kwon MK et al, 2011;Kang SK et al, 2012). 산전에 정신적으로 건강하지 못한 임부는 임신 상태 및 태아에 대하 여 부정적인 느낌이 드는데 (Figueiredo et al, 2009), 이러 한 정신적인 문제는 더 나아가 임신 중 부적절한 행위 자체 에도 직접적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 태아의 체중 및 성장 지연아 출산과도 관련이 있다 (Hoffman et al, 2000;Diego et al, 2009;Field, 2011;Kwon MK et al, 2011;Dunkel et al, 2012 (Beddoe et al, 2009;Dunn et al, 2012;Carroll, 2014;Simonian, 2015), 특히 심박 변이도가 개선되는 등 생리적 인 효과 또한 유의미하였다 (Muthukrishnan et al, 2016 (Neff et al, 2007;Yu YH et al, 2010;Cho HJ et al, 2011;Park JS, 2014 (Beddoe et al, 2009;An YG et al, 2011;Dimidjian et al, 2016;Felder et al, 2017). 또 한편 본 연구 결과에서 임부의 지각된 스트레스가 높을수록 태아애착에 좋지 않은 영향을 준다는 기존의 연구 결과를 재확인할 수 있었다 (Kwon MK et al, 2011) …”