Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Which Specifically Recognize<i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>in Preserved Stool Samples

Yau, Yvonne; Crandall, Ian; Kain, Kevin C.

doi:10.1128/jcm.39.2.716-719.2001

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recently, sensitive and specific serological and molecular techniques that are able to distinguish E. histolytica from E. dispar have been developed [ 10 , 12 - 20 ]. These include the detection of E. histolytica antigen using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [ 16 , 17 , 19 ], the detection of E. histolytica by monoclonal antibodies of E. histolytica that specifically recognize E. histolytica antigen [ 12 , 15 ] and the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify amoebic DNA [ 10 , 13 , 14 ]. More current approaches include the discrimination of E. histolytica E. dispar and E. moshkovskii by a simultaneous detection using multiplex nested PCR [ 18 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in rural communities in Malaysia

et al. 2012

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BackgroundIn this study, a total of 426 human faecal samples were examined for the presence of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii infection via a combination of microscopic examination and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting 16S ribosomal RNA of Entamoeba species.MethodsFaecal sample were collected from 426 participants in five rural villages in Peninsular Malaysia. The faecal samples were processed by direct wet smear and formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique followed by iodine staining and examined via microscopy for the presence of Entamoeba species and other intestinal parasites. Microscopically positive samples for Entamoeba species cysts were further characterized using a Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested-PCR) targeting 16S-like ribosomal RNA gene. The data entry and analysis was carried out using the SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) program for Windows version 17 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).ResultsBased on single faecal examination, overall prevalence of Entamoeba infection was 17.6% (75/426). Females (19.1%) were more commonly infected compared to males (15.9%). Comparison by age groups showed that adults (23.9%) had higher infection rates than children (15.3%). The PCR results showed that 52 out of 75 microscopy positive samples successfully generated species-specific amplicons. The infection with E. histolytica (75.0%; 39/52) was the most common, followed by E. dispar (30.8%; 18/52) and E. moshkovskii (5.8%; 3/52). Of these, 33 (63.5%) were shown to contain only E. histolytica, 10 (19.2%) contained E. dispar and 3 (5.8%) contained only E. moshkovskii. Mixed infection with E. histolytica and E. dispar was found in 6 (11.5%) samples.ConclusionsThe present study essentially emphasized the benefit of molecular techniques in discriminating the pathogenic Entamoeba species from the non-pathogenic for accurate diagnosis and better management of amoebiasis. The presence of E. moshkovskii is of great public health concern as it was the first time it has been reported in Malaysia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in rural communities in Malaysia

et al. 2012

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“…LPPG was first identified as an antigen; antiameba IgG antibodies were detected in rats after intracecal inoculation of trophozoites [ 47 ], anti-LPPG IgA antibodies were found in colostrum of healthy volunteers [ 48 ], and antiameba plasma cells were found in peripheral blood of patients with amebic liver abscess [ 49 ]. Monoclonal antiproteophosphoglycan antibodies were described by several groups [ 50 – 53 ]. However, as research in immunology progressed, LPPG was studied as a molecule that could be sensed not only by the adaptive immune system but also by the innate immune system.…”

Section: Identification Of Lipopeptidophosphoglycanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NKT cells are also activated by LPPG, and this depends on the presence of CD1d on dendritic cells and simultaneous TLR2 and TLR6 signaling [ 58 ]. Anti-LPPG antibodies have been described in humans and in animal models [ 47 – 53 ]. The mechanism that leads to the production of these antibodies has not been determined, but it is probably influenced by the innate signaling of LPPG on dendritic cells and B cells.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Lipopeptidophosphoglycan in the Immune Response toEntamoeba histolytica

Wong‐Baeza

Alcántara‐Hernández

Mancilla-Herrera

et al. 2010

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology

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The sensing of Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) by innate immune receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), is the first step in the inflammatory response to pathogens. Entamoeba histolytica, the etiological agent of amebiasis, has a surface molecule with the characteristics of a PAMP. This molecule, which was termed lipopeptidophosphoglycan (LPPG), is recognized through TLR2 and TLR4 and leads to the release of cytokines from human monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells; LPPG-activated dendritic cells have increased expression of costimulatory molecules. LPPG activates NKT cells in a CD1d-dependent manner, and this interaction limits amebic liver abscess development. LPPG also induces antibody production, and anti-LPPG antibodies prevent disease development in animal models of amebiasis. Because LPPG is recognized by both the innate and the adaptive immune system (it is a “Pamptigen”), it may be a good candidate to develop a vaccine against E. histolytica infection and an effective adjuvant.

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Intestinal and Urogenital Amebae, Flagellates, and Ciliates

Mathison,

Couturier

2023

ClinMicroNow

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Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia duodenalis infections are two of the most common protozoal infections seen worldwide and are of serious concern on a global scale due to their prevalence and the pathogenicity of these causative agents. Microscopic examination of stool specimens continues to be one of the main tools used in the laboratory diagnosis of intestinal amebic, flagellate, and ciliate infections. Antigen detection methods such as enzyme immunoassays, immunochromatographic assays, and direct fluorescent‐antibody assays are available for the detection of pathogens such as the E. histolytica / Entamoeba dispar group, E. histolytica , Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis . One of the most important developments related to the molecular detection of parasites is the advent of panels for detection of multiple agents of gastrointestinal disease, including combinations of bacterial, viral, and parasitic agents.

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Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Which Specifically RecognizeEntamoeba histolyticain Preserved Stool Samples

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Differentiating Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in rural communities in Malaysia

Differentiating Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in rural communities in Malaysia

The Role of Lipopeptidophosphoglycan in the Immune Response toEntamoeba histolytica

Intestinal and Urogenital Amebae, Flagellates, and Ciliates

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