Development of mucoadhesive thiomeric chitosan nanoparticles for the targeted ocular delivery of vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus resistant strains

Abstract

This study aims to formulate mucoadhesive vancomycin loaded thiolated chitosan (TCS) nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are mucoadhesive and enhance the retention of the drug at the ocular site. For this purpose, TCS loaded vancomycin nanoparticles were prepared by the ion-gelation method and were characterized for their size, shape, polydispersity index, mucoadhesion, cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory activity. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticles was found to be 288 nm with positive zeta potential. Moreover, 85% vancomycin was successfully encapsulated in TCS nanoparticles by using this method. A 2-fold increase in mucoadhesion was found as compared to non-thiolated vancomycin formulation (p < 0.05). Zone of inhibition of vancomycin loaded TCS was also significantly improved compared to non-thiolated chitosan nanoparticles and vancomycin alone. In-vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation via histopathology resulted in ocular healing. Based on the results, it is inferred that TCS nanoparticles are a promising drug delivery carrier system for ocular delivery of vancomycin.

Advancements in Nanogels for Enhanced Ocular Drug Delivery: Cutting-Edge Strategies to Overcome Eye Barriers

“…These results are represented in Figure 5 . Similar results were obtained in other studies [ 101 , 102 , 103 ].…”

Hydrogels: From Design to Applications in Forensic Investigations

“…Scaffolds of chitosan‐gelatin that are green have been made and utilized for aceclofenac delivery [55] . Chitosan based gels and nanoparticles, quantum dots as nanocarriers, nanofibers had also been utilized for the purpose of nano‐drug delivery and to check the toxicity [56–60] …”

“…[55] Chitosan based gels and nanoparticles, quantum dots as nanocarriers, nanofibers had also been utilized for the purpose of nano-drug delivery and to check the toxicity. [56][57][58][59][60]…”

Investigation of raman spectrum, structural, morphological, and optical features of Fe2O3 and Fe2O3/reduced graphene oxide hybrid nanocomposites

“…Because of their unique features and wide range of uses, the synthesis of nanostructures with distinct properties has attracted a lot of interest recently [1][2][3][4]. The shape of materials has a considerable impact on the physical, chemical, and optical characteristics of nanoparticles [5][6][7].…”

“…Fe 2 O 3 is considered as suitable candidate materials in many applications such as; absorbing material in the solar cell, sensors, data-storage, photo-catalyst, magnetic recording, bio-imaging, and others [11,[13][14][15][16][17]. Fe 2 O 3 has an energy gap ∼ 2.1 eV [4], low cost, non-toxic, easy to prepare, good stability, and environmentally safe [15,18]. Otherwise, Fe 2 O 3 NPs have unique characteristics including electrical, thermal, mechanical, and high surface area [13,15,18].…”