Development of multi-directional functional near-infrared spectroscopy system for human neuroimaging studies

Abstract

Multi-directional measurement using multi-directional light sources and multidirectional photodetectors drastically increases the amount of observation data without increasing the number of optical probes. In this study, we developed a novel multi-directional functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system for human neuroimaging studies. We tested our system by measuring the cortical hemodynamic changes of a single subject during a motor task and compared them with the same subject's functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We detected the direction-dependent fNIRS signals that originate from the cortical hemodynamic changes that are consistent with the fMRI data.

Photonics of human saliva: potential optical methods for the screening of abnormal health conditions and infections

“…These advances have facilitated the use of photonics-based instrumentation by trained technicians, for survey of cases in “As Is, Where Is” conditions, and transmission of the data to centrally located facilities with qualified medical professionals for decision making (Cai et al 2017 ; Rani et al 2019 ; Ko et al 2020 ; Pal et al 2020 ). The combination of miniature systems, like mini-detectors with mini-spectrometers have made it possible at present to use of techniques like multi-directional functional spectroscopy systems for imaging applications on proof of concept (POC) basis (Shimokawa et al 2019 ). Combination of these advances in instrumentation, data transmission and data processing, with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) processes have made photonics-based technologies easily adaptable for universal health-care applications, involving large population groups spread across several location (Belushkin et al 2020 ; Nogueira 2020 ).…”

A brief review of non-invasive brain imaging technologies and the near-infrared optical bioimaging

“…The advantage of fNIRS is its safety, inexpensiveness, and simplicity compared to fMRI. These advantages led to its rapid development, including the multi-directional fNIRS and probes' increment for high-density measurement (Shin et al 2017;Shimokawa et al 2019;Chiarelli et al 2020). As cortices can be an appropriate target for fNIRS bioimaging, the current sensitivity has reached to facilitate to detect of the symptoms of neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, stroke, epilepsy, major depressive disorder, AD, and PD (Koike et al 2013;Hatakeyama et al 2017;Li et al 2018;Sirpal et al 2019;Stuart et al 2019;Tian et al 2019;Ho et al 2020).…”

Methodologies on the Enhanced Spatial Resolution of Non-Invasive Optical Brain Imaging: A Review

“…Recently, they extended their work and developed a two-wavelength system, applied at humans and evaluated it as a human field study [236]. They received the NIR light from all four directions of the source which increased the amount of observed data 16 times in comparison with a conventional single-directional fNIRS system.…”