“…Although most of the TMVD treatments did not involve teacher mediation, 60 studies (n = 73%) were conducted in class or in a computer lab; plus, in 5 cases, a part of the treatment was in class, i.e., only 16 studies investigated TMVD outside the formal educational settings. The latter were studies that incorporated mobile-assisted language learning (e.g., Amer, 2014;Andujar, 2016;Stockwell, 2010;Terantino, 2016), intercultural exchanges (e.g., Lin, 2016) and other CMC studies (e.g., Kozar, 2016;Yilmaz & Yuksel, 2011), and longitudinal studies (e.g., Chukharev-Hudilainen & Klepikova, 2016;Gobel & Kano, 2014) or studies of extramural language use (e.g., Jensen, 2017;Sylven & Sundqvist, 2012).…”