Development of Multibarrier Nuclear Waste Forms

Rusín, Jiří; Browning, M.F.; McCarthy, Gregory J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9107-8_19

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…15 Supercalcine waste forms are aluminosilicate based crystalline assemblages of mutually compatible, refractory, and leach-resistant solid solution phases proposed for the incorporation of HLW ions. 16 The supercalcine aluminosilicate and oxide phases that held the radioactive constituents in their atomic structures were dubbed "radiophases" which were formed by spray calcining nitrated waste into a powder, mixing the denitrated powdered calcined waste with additives, pellitizing under pressure, and sintering or hot isostatically pressing at high temperatures (1100-1300°C). In one case, the additives were mixed with the simulated HLW prior to calcination.…”

Section: Similarities To Mineral Phases In Hlw High Temperature Cerammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 An assemblage of silicate mineral phases such as apatite (host for lanthanides), pollucite (host for Cs), and other oxide host phases for Sr, Ba, U, Zr, etc. were formed 16,18 If the waste contained considerable Na and Si, then phases such as nepheline formed while wastes enriched in Al formed high temperature phases such as Al 2 O 3 and magnetoplumbite aluminate species. 19,20 The feldspathoid, sodalite, was a minor mineral phase in supercalcines but was found to incorporate Cs and Sr and Mo into the cage-like structure, e.g.…”

Section: Similarities To Mineral Phases In Hlw High Temperature Cerammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering Study of the Hanford Low Activity Waste (LAW) Steam Reforming Process

Jantzen¹

2002

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Completeness of TestingThis report describes the results of work and testing specified by Roger Roosa. The work and any associated testing followed established quality assurance requirements and was conducted as authorized. The descriptions provided in this test report are an accurate account of both the conduct of the work and the data collected. Also reported are any unusual or anomalous occurrences that are different from starting hypotheses. The test results and this report have been reviewed and verified. WSRC-TR- LIST OF TABLES ABSTRACTThe fluidized bed steam reforming (FBSR) technology should be further evaluated as a final waste form for Hanford LAW wastes. This technology produces stable mineralized phases which are more durable than a high sodium vitrified waste form. The mineral phases are the same as many of the phases produced in higher temperature waste forms such as supercalcine, glass-bonded ceramics, and SYNthetic ROCk (SYNROC) yet the phases are produced at moderate steam reformer operating temperatures. The mineral phases bind the radionuclide and hazardous species in cage structured mineral phases. The radionuclides and hazardous species are ionically bonded to silica and alumina tetrahedra in the structure as well as to Na ions.

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Section: Similarities To Mineral Phases In Hlw High Temperature Cerammentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Similarities To Mineral Phases In Hlw High Temperature Cerammentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Study of the Hanford Low Activity Waste (LAW) Steam Reforming Process

Jantzen¹

2002

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“…Matrix waste forms are part of the multibarrier concept (Rusin, Browning and McCarthy 1979). The multibarrier concept aims to separate the radionuclide-containing core material and the environment by the use of coatings and/or matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and testing of matrices for the encapsulation of glass and ceramic nuclear waste forms.

Wald¹,

Brite²,

Gurwell³

et al. 1982

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“…An assemblage of silicate mineral phases (supercalcine ceramics) such as apatite (host for lanthanides), pollucite (host for Cs), and other oxide host phases for Sr, Ba, U, Zr, etc. seem appropriate [McCarthy, 1976 andRusin 1979]. If the waste contains considerable Na and Si, then phases such as nepheline may form while wastes enriched in Al may form high temperature phases such as Al 2 O 3 and magnetoplumbite aluminate species [Morgan, 1981 andJantzen 1982].…”

Section: 1mineral Waste Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waste forms of aluminosilicate based crystalline assemblages of mutually compatible, refractory, and leach-resistant solid solution phases have been proposed for the incorporation of radionuclide species of concern [Rusin, 1979]. An assemblage of silicate mineral phases (supercalcine ceramics) such as apatite (host for lanthanides), pollucite (host for Cs), and other oxide host phases for Sr, Ba, U, Zr, etc.…”

Section: 1mineral Waste Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming of INEEL SBW Using THORsm Mineralizing Technology

Olson¹,

Soelberg²,

Marshall³

et al. 2004

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Sodium-bearing waste (SBW) disposition is one of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Idaho Operation Office's (NE-ID) and State of Idaho's top priorities at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Many studies have resulted in the identification of five treatment alternatives that form a short list of perhaps the most appropriate technologies from which the DOE may select. The alternatives are (a) calcination with maximum achievable control technology (MACT) upgrade, (b) steam reforming, (c) cesium ion exchange (CsIX) with immobilization, (d) direct evaporation, and (e) vitrification. Each alternative has undergone some degree of applied technical development and preliminary process design over the past four years. DOE desired further experimental data, with regard to steam reforming technology, to make informed decisions concerning selection of treatment technology for SBW. Mineralizing steam reforming technology, offered by THOR Treatment Technologies, LLC would produce a denitrated, granular mineral waste form using a high-temperature fluidized bed process. A pilot scale demonstration of the technology was performed in a 15-cm-diameter reactor vessel September 27 through October 1, 2004. The pilot scale equipment is owned by the DOE, and located at the Science and Technology Applications Research (STAR) Center in Idaho Falls, ID. Flowsheet chemistry and operational parameters were defined through a collaborative effort involving Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), and THOR Treatment Technologies personnel. Personnel from Science Applications International Corporation, owners of the STAR Center, operated the pilot plant.The pilot scale test was terminated as planned after achieving a total of 100 hrs of cumulative/continuous processing operation. About 278 kg of SBW simulant mixed with clay additive were processed that resulted in about 88 kg of solid product that included starting bed material and unreacted carbon. The process achieved about a 90% turnover of the starting bed. Samples of mineralized solid product materials were analyzed for chemical/physical properties and processing data were collected for operational analyses. Results of product performance testing conducted by SRNL will be reported separately by SRNL. 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe US Department of Energy (DOE) desired further experimental data, with regard to fluidized bed steam reforming (FBSR) technology, to make informed decisions concerning the selection of treatment technology for Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) sodium-bearing waste (SBW). Experimental data from tests using actual radioactive waste were desired to provide the most beneficial information to DOE. It was recognized that there was not an experimental fluidized bed test system/facility available to generate experimental radioactive data in the desired time frame. Therefore, a collaboration involving laboratory work at Savannah River National Laborat...

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Development of Multibarrier Nuclear Waste Forms

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Engineering Study of the Hanford Low Activity Waste (LAW) Steam Reforming Process

Engineering Study of the Hanford Low Activity Waste (LAW) Steam Reforming Process

Development and testing of matrices for the encapsulation of glass and ceramic nuclear waste forms.

Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming of INEEL SBW Using THORsm Mineralizing Technology

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