“…Akinyemi, & Msagati, 2018), organic matter-rich clay (Mobarak, Selim, Mohamed, & Seliem, 2018), have been used previously for defluoridation. Various rare metaloxides/hydroxides composites, such as Ca-Al-La (Xiang, Zhang, Zhang, Tang, & Wang, 2014), Zr-Al-Ca (Dhongde, Wasewar, & De, 2017), and metal with chitosan composites such as Fe-chitosan (Viswanathan & Meenakshi, 2008), Al-chitosan (Swain et al, 2009), Carboxylated chitosan modified ferromagnetic nano particles (Mohammadi et al, 2019), bionanomaterial scaffolds (Kumar, Paul, & Natraj, 2017), La +3 impregnated chitosan/β-cyclodextrin (Preethi & Meenakshi, 2018) have also been investigated as fluoride scavenging materials.…”