Development of nasal respiration and sniffing in the rat

Alberts, Jeffrey R.; May, Brad

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(80)90156-0

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Behavioral data also have suggested a low sensitivity to odors in the newborn. Alberts and May (1980a, b), using respiratory polypnea to assess olfactory sensitivity, demonstrated that l-day postnatal rats have the ability to detect only a low2 concentration of amyl acetate; the detection ability increased approximately 2-fold during the following 7 days. Employing other odorants, Astic and Saucier (1982) also reported little 2DG uptake in the olfactory bulbs of l-day postnatal rats, although uptake increased at the next two ages tested, 9 and 21 days postnatal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behavioral studies generally agree upon the critical role of olfaction during the perinatal period of development (Blass and Blass, 1976Blass, , 1978Leon, 1974). Although olfactory function can be demonstrated in the neonate, acuity is low (Rudy and Cheatle, 1977;Alberts and May, 1980a, b). In electrophysiological studies, spontaneous EEG activity has not been observed in the rat olfactory bulb prior to 3 days postnatal (Salas et al, 1969), although single unit analyses report spontaneous mitral cell activity within 12 hr postnatal (Math and Davrainville, 1980a, b) .…”

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confidence: 81%

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Functional development of the olfactory bulb and a unique glomerular complex in the neonatal rat

Greer¹,

Stewart²,

Mh³

et al. 1982

J. Neurosci.

139

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The ['4C]2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) technique was employed to study the ontogeny of functional organization in the olfactory bulbs of rats from birth to 21 days postnatal. These observations were correlated with the histological maturation of the olfactory bulb laminae. In O-day pups (within 12 hr of parturition), foci of increased metabolic activity were elicited in the olfactory bulb by the odor of amyl acetate. The foci, generally poorly defined, were localized over the glomerular layer, which, in histological sections, was poorly differentiated. In suckling pups injected with 2DG, a single focus characteristically was observed in the main olfactory bulb near the medial border of the accessory olfactory bulb. In this region, a well differentiated complex of glomeruli was observed in the histological sections.During the ensuing 21 days postnatal, the focal patterns of 2DG uptake in animals exposed to amyl acetate odor progressed through a series of changes, each of which could be related to parallel stages of development in the histology of the bulb. Particularly striking were the establishment of sharply defined 2DG foci and the formation of distinct individual olfactory glomeruli by the end of the 1st week. Generally, by 15 days postnatal, the adult patterns of 2DG uptake and histological lamination were established.The modified glomerular complex also exhibited focal 2DG uptake beginning on day 0, but these were better defined than those associated with the glomeruli of the main olfactory bulb. This observation correlated with the more advanced histological differentiation of this specialized region. These data suggest that the modified glomerular complex may mature earlier than other regions of the olfactory bulb. This earlier maturation may reflect the importance of the modified glomerular region for processing odor cues relevant to suckling behavior in neonatal rats.Taken together, these results provide evidence for several successive changes in the functional organization of the developing olfactory system of neonatal rats.The neural substrates of olfactory function in the neonatal rat are not well understood. Behavioral studies generally agree upon the critical role of olfaction during the perinatal period of development (Blass and Teicher,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Functional development of the olfactory bulb and a unique glomerular complex in the neonatal rat

Greer¹,

Stewart²,

Mh³

et al. 1982

J. Neurosci.

139

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“…These response patterns are each necessary antecedents to weaning and could be expected to emerge simultaneously during development as a protection against premature weaning (e.g., Bateson, 1976). However, it has recently been shown that rat pups become more responsive to novel odors at the same time (Pll-12) that hamster pups do (Alberts and May, 1980), which suggests that rat and hamster pups may begin to explore at about the same time. The use of group test procedures, like those employed in the present study, might prove to be more sensitive to critical changes in exploration of novel odors that may occur prior to P19-21 in the rat and thus may help to clarify this issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pups show a higher frequency of locomotion over fresh pine shavings in the middle of the second week of life than when they are younger (Crandall and Leonard, 1979). Furthermore, hamster pups display sniffing of novel odors for the first time at about PI2 ( Johnston andCoplin, 1979, cf., Alberts andMay, 1980). Thus, the maturation of olfactory exploration, representing a second phase in the stage of olfactory dominance, may be an important factor in the beginning of the weaning process in the middle of the second week of life of hamsters.…”

Section: Schoenfeld and Corwinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maturation of olfactory exploration in golden hamsters

Schoenfeld

Corwin

1985

Developmental Psychobiology

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Following placement into a test cage filled with pine shavings, a litter of 7-8 golden hamster pups (aged 3-18 days postnatal: P3-18) initially displays a period of locomotion which ends reliably in huddling. The latency to establish a huddle (i.e., the duration of locomotion) is significantly longer in the presence of novel odors (fresh or lemon shavings) than more familiar odors (slightly soiled fresh or lemon shavings) but only in pups aged P12 or older. Pups aged P9 or younger do not locomote differentially in the presence of novel or familiar odors. This age difference represents the emergence of olfactory exploration in hamsters between P9 and P12. Exploration of novel odors interferes with initial attempts to establish a single huddle site by a litter, but does not preclude the ultimate aggregation of all pups at a single site as guided by conspecific odors and possibly thermotactile cues as well. Such shifts in the control of behavior by non-nest and nest-related, conspecific stimuli correspond well with the first occurrence of nest exits at P11-12 (e.g., Dieterlen, 1959) coupled with the persistent return of hamster pups to the maternal nest for as long as it is maintained (Rowell, 1961).

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“…Spontaneous responses to odors can be detected with minimal intervention by monitoring respiration, which tends to increase in the presence of novel odors (Welker, 1964;Teichner, 1966;Alberts and May, 1980). Adaptation and/or habituation of the sniffing can be taken to indicate inattention to the odorant due to either response desensitization or decreased interest.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prolonged stimulus exposure reveals prolonged neurobehavioral response patterns

Johnson

Woo

Zeng

et al. 2010

J of Comparative Neurology

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Although it has been shown repeatedly that minimum response times in sensory systems can be quite short, organisms more often continue to respond to sensory stimuli over considerably longer periods of time. The continuing response to sensory stimulation may be a more realistic assessment of natural sensory responses, so we determined for how long a stimulus would evoke a response in naïve, freely moving animals. Specifically, we determined for how long such rats responded to odorants during continuous passive exposures by monitoring their sniffing with whole-body plethysmography. We found that naïve rats continue to sniff odorants vigorously for up to 3 minutes, much longer than what has been reported for highly trained, highly motivated rats. Patterns of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake in the glomerular layer of the rat olfactory bulb also were seen after only 1-5 minutes of odorant exposure, overlapping with the period of increased respiration to odorants. Moreover, these 2-DG uptake patterns closely resembled the patterns that emerge from prolonged odorant exposures, suggesting that activity mapping over prolonged periods can identify areas of activity that are present when rats are still attending and responding to odorant stimuli. Given these findings, it seems important to consider the possibility that prolonged exposure to other sensory stimuli will reveal more realistic neural response patterns.

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Development of nasal respiration and sniffing in the rat

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Functional development of the olfactory bulb and a unique glomerular complex in the neonatal rat

Functional development of the olfactory bulb and a unique glomerular complex in the neonatal rat

Maturation of olfactory exploration in golden hamsters

Prolonged stimulus exposure reveals prolonged neurobehavioral response patterns

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