Development of nested polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis of duck enteritis virus and detection of DNA polymerase gene from non-descriptive duck breeds of West Bengal, India

Abstract

Aim:The study was undertaken to detect the clinical signs, postmortem lesions of embryonated duck plague (DP) infected eggs, and histopathological changes of chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) in non-descriptive ducks of West Bengal with special reference to standardize nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Materials and Methods:After postmortem of suspected carcasses, samples were collected for virus isolation and identification through specific pathogen free (Khaki Campbell) embryonated duck eggs. PCR was also done as confirmatory test after doing postmortem of duck embryos. DP specific nested PCR was standardized for better confirmation of the disease. Sensitivity of nested primers was also tested for DP virus.Results:Gross, postmortem and histopathological changes were prominent in dead embryos. First set of primer was able to detect 602 bp fragments of DNA polymerase gene of duck enteritis virus from infected CAM. Subsequently, a DP specific nested PCR which was very much sensitive for very small amount of viral genome was successfully standardized. After NCBI blast nucleotide sequence of nested PCR product (Accession No. HG425076) showed homology with the sequences data available in GenBank.Conclusion:The study concludes that PCR assay is very much helpful to diagnose DP disease and developed nested PCR is a double confirmatory diagnostic tool for DP.

Chorioallantoic Membrane Models of Various Avian Species: Differences and Applications

“…The chorioallantoic membrane of an avian embryo is an experimental model used in the research of angiogenesis [43,44], tumour growth, and cancer research [45,46], development of drug and drug delivery systems [47,48], wound healing and tissue repair [17], or virus cultivation [32,49].…”

“…Virological research used duck CAM for cultivation, histopathology, and DNA isolation of the duck plague virus [49].…”

Preliminary Investigation of Outbreaks of Duck Virus Enteritis in Khaki Campbell Ducks in West Bengal

“…On set of pyrexia The duck virus enteritis is a contagious disease of ducks and is being reported several times from duck rearing states of India including West Bengal. As a control measure, vaccination against the disease is being practiced in this state but sporadic outbreak in fresh flock has also been noticed among ducks reared under backyard production system (Mandal et al, 2017). Therefore, the investigation on disease outbreak in khaki Campbell ducks reared under backyard management insights its predisposing factors, management risk and nature of circulating virus.…”

“…In India, DVE was first reported in the early 1960s (Mukherji et al, 1963) and since then the disease has spread in many duck rearing states namely, West Bengal (Bhowmik and Chakorborty, 1985), Assam (Konch et al, 2009), Andhra Pradesh (Umamaheswara rao and Rao, 1993), Tamil Nadu (Pazhanivel et al, 2019) and Kerala (Soman et al, 2014). In West Bengal, outbreaks in domestic ducks have been reported several times in last five decades (Mukherji et al, 1963;Chakorborty, 1985 andMandal et al, 2017) and it is likely that DEV strains of varying virulence are circulating in the field. In this context, the present report describes about outbreaks of duck virus enteritis in West Bengal, isolation of virus and nature of isolates.…”

Development of a Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Assay for Duck Enteritis Virus Detection Using Monoclonal Antibodies

“…Thus, early and rapid diagnosis is a key preventive intervention that would reduce the spread of DEV and may ultimately control an epidemic. Despite the gross lesions characterized by hemorrhagic and necrotic degenerative changes in the digestive tract, lymphoid and parenchymatous organs that may be observed at necropsy, confirmation of the disease mainly relies on laboratory diagnosis methods including the identification of the agent by virus isolation or PCR detection [ 6 , 7 ] or serological tests based on virus neutralization in a cell culture [ 8 , 9 ]. These methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, requiring qualified personnel and appropriate biosafety facilities.…”