2006
DOI: 10.1016/j.stam.2006.05.003
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Development of new electrolytic and electroless gold plating processes for electronics applications

Abstract: This article reviews results of our investigations, performed over the period of a decade, on gold plating for electronics applications. Three different topics are covered: (1) development of a new, non-cyanide, soft-gold electroplating bath containing both thiosulfate and sulfite as ligands; (2) evaluation of a known cyanide-based, substrate-catalyzed electroless bath for depositing pure soft gold, and subsequent development of an alternative, non-cyanide, substrate-catalyzed bath; and (3) development of a ne… Show more

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Cited by 41 publications
(35 citation statements)
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“…13 Additionally, the Au electrolyte does not contain a typical reducing agent, such as sodium hypophosphite {NaH 2 PO 2 }, but rather makes use of the mixed ligand structure as a means of reduction with SO 3 − acting as the main reducing agent. 15 In order to allow surface-on analysis, the sample was raised for each of 3 stages of deposition creating single, bi-layer, and tri-layer deposits on a single surface.…”
Section: 13mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…13 Additionally, the Au electrolyte does not contain a typical reducing agent, such as sodium hypophosphite {NaH 2 PO 2 }, but rather makes use of the mixed ligand structure as a means of reduction with SO 3 − acting as the main reducing agent. 15 In order to allow surface-on analysis, the sample was raised for each of 3 stages of deposition creating single, bi-layer, and tri-layer deposits on a single surface.…”
Section: 13mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 Non-cyanide baths have been developed to overcome the problem of toxicity, most of them based on Au(I)-sulfite complex. 2,[3][4][5][6][7] Different reducing agents are commonly add to the Au(I)-sulfite bath, as thiourea, 5,6 hypophosphite, 4,6 borohydride, 6 dimethylamine borane (DMAB), 6 hydrazine 6 and formaldehyde. 2,6,8 Redox potentials of all reducing agents are negative, showing dependence with pH ranging from 4 to 14, except when thiourea is added to the bath.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(11), recebe o nome de expressão da constante de equilíbrio, sendo K a própria constante de equilíbrio. Vale ressaltar que se um sólido ou líquido puro está envolvido em um equilíbrio, sua concentração não é incluída na expressão da constante de equilíbrio para a reação, uma vez que sua concentração é invariável (considerando que líquidos e sólidos são teoricamente incompressíveis e, assim, tem-se a densidade como propriedade intensiva 13 ) [18].…”
Section: Constantes De Equilíbriounclassified
“…O equilíbrio químico é regido pelo princípio de Le Châtelier, segundo o qual se um sistema em equilíbrio for perturbado por uma variação na temperatura, pressão ou 13 A densidade de uma substância em determinada condição é uma propriedade intensiva, ou seja, a propriedade é a mesma, independentemente do quanto dessa substância houver. Dessa forma, a concentração de um sólido ou um líquido puro (que são virtualmente incompressíveis) é a mesma independentemente de quanto houver deles (um gás, porém, que pode ser comprimido sem dificuldade, tem a sua concentração variada facilmente).…”
Section: Constantes De Equilíbriounclassified
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