Development of new positive-grid alloy and its application to long-life batteries for automotive industry

Furukawa, J.; Nehyo, Y; Shiga, Shigenori

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.12.022

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A further enhancement has been claimed recently by the addition of a very small amount of barium that influences the compound formed and its dispersion within the solid phase (15). The alloy has a moderate level of calcium and a very high Sn/Ca ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Electrochemical Principles as Applied to Grid Corrosion in Lead-Acid Batteries

Misra

2012

ECS Trans.

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Alloying constituents for lead alloys used for grids utilized in the manufacture of lead-acid batteries fall into two main categories: those with antimony and those without. The alloys without antimony can be further divided into those with calcium and those without, thus dividing the entire family of alloys into three main categories. This paper discusses the electrochemical principles that influence the progress of corrosion of these alloys in the lead-acid battery environment. Even as the alloy selected must meet the requirements of the application mode, it ultimately impacts the life expectancy of the battery. This review and discussion encompasses both the vented (or flooded) as well as the valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery types. Focus is on cast alloys in relationship to the grain structure and the inter-metallic phases present at the grain boundaries that lead to electrochemical disparity and corrosion, and the steps taken to control it.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Electrochemical Principles as Applied to Grid Corrosion in Lead-Acid Batteries

Misra

2012

ECS Trans.

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“…As mentioned earlier, when the C-rate of FLAB increases, FLAB capacity decreases drastically the TR rate increases due to the thermo-electrochemical process so that the FLAB can suffer from thermal runaway (TRA) and it may damage the FLAB. [5][6][7] According to previous investigations, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] it seems that by balancing the FLAB design parameters (such as C-rate, electrode gaps [electrolyte reservoir volume], and electrode surface roughness) can affect on the capacity and TR rate of FLAB and improve their performance characterization. Therefore, in this experimental study, parameters of average roughness wavelength of the electrode surfaces (λa) (roughness quality of electrode surfaces), the gap between the electrodes and C-rate according to Table 1 are considered as variables, and their effect on the capacity and TR rate of FLAB cells are considered as the response.…”

Section: Problem Description and Design Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, one of the indicators of performance improvement in FLAB is the increased capacity in the fast charging and discharging processes with the lowest TR. To this goal, many researchers have investigated various influential parameters such as the composition of alloy composites, the structure and geometry of FLAB, the electrode grid, ambient temperature, and pressure conditions and the additives to the aqueous electrolyte solution, electrolyte flow velocity, and so forth 5‐28 . Among these are Pavlov's extensive efforts to study the various combinations of active materials of negative electrodes in the past two decades, some of which are presented in the literature 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of the effect of C‐rate, electrode gaps, and electrode surface roughness on the performance characterization of lead‐acid batteries

et al. 2020

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One of the leading challenges for researchers is meeting the industry's need for fast charging-discharging and high capacity batteries, increasing the Chargedischarge rate (C-rate) always followed by high temperatures due to thermoelectrochemical reactions and a drastic reduction in the capacity of batteries. Flooded lead-acid batteries (FLABs) as the most common batteries are provided power for different equipment such as forklifts, submarines, emergency power back up, and for many electrical and telecommunications applications in the industry, has been studied in this article. The effect of three critical parameters of FLAB includes the electrode gaps, roughness quality of electrode surfaces, and C-rate on the capacity and temperature rise (TR) rate are experimentally investigated. Using the response surface methodology based on the central composite design model, the effect of these parameters on the performance of the battery is also evaluated, and a new correlation is proposed. Analysis of variance of 40 tests performed in this study showed that the C-rates have the most effect while the surface roughness of electrodes has the least effect on the capacity increase and the reduction of TR rate. The experimental results showed that the C-rate of C5 with electrode gaps of 4 mm had the optimal response in reaching the maximum capacity and the minimum TR rate.

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“…The literature survey showed that new additives have been incorporated in the grid alloy composition in order to improve its performance. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Accordingly, rare earth elements, Ag and Te, were added with the purpose of enhancing the corrosion resistance. Therefore, the battery durability at higher temperatures was improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Indium Alloying with Lead on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Lead-Indium Alloys in Sulfuric Acid Solution

El-Sayed

Ibrahim

Mohran

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans A

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Effect of indium alloying in various concentrations with lead on both microhardness and crystallite structure of lead-indium alloy was investigated. The corrosion behavior of leadindium alloys in 4 M H 2 SO 4 acid solution was investigated by Tafel plot and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The results of both Tafel plot extrapolation and EIS measurements exhibited the same trend. Generally, the corrosion resistance of the alloy is more significant compared with that observed for pure lead. This study shows that the addition of 0.5 pct In to Pb decreases the corrosion. However, with a further increase of alloying In, the corrosion rate of alloy starts to increase up to 5 pct In compared with that of Pb-0.5 pct In alloy. Then the corrosion rate decreases gradually with the increase in the percentage of In up to 15 pct. The values of activation energy (E a ) supported this trend of the corrosion rate which is obtained for Pb and Pb-In alloys. X-ray diffraction data exhibited broadness of peaks, which is due to lattice distortion or grain refinement. Clearly the peaks shift to higher angles for Pb-15 pct In alloy which can be attributed to changes in lattice structure of Pb. Scanning electron microscope images confirmed that the microstructure is changed with indium alloying content. The solute content tends to refine the microstructure array.

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Development of new positive-grid alloy and its application to long-life batteries for automotive industry

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Electrochemical Principles as Applied to Grid Corrosion in Lead-Acid Batteries

Electrochemical Principles as Applied to Grid Corrosion in Lead-Acid Batteries

Experimental investigation of the effect of C‐rate, electrode gaps, and electrode surface roughness on the performance characterization of lead‐acid batteries

Effect of Indium Alloying with Lead on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Lead-Indium Alloys in Sulfuric Acid Solution

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