Development of nickel‐titanium graded composition components

Domack, Marcia S.; Baughman, James M.

doi:10.1108/13552540510573383

Cited by 131 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Domack and Baughman [7] also proposed the existence of a 1 mm reaction zone around the UC bond interface where the microstructure is modified, but otherwise that the microstructure of UC foils appeared unchanged. Contrary work [8] presented evidence that this is not the case in ultrasonic welding, and that the effect of the process exerts influence deeper within ultrasonically bonded aluminium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical analysis of ultrasonically welded aluminium by Domack and Baughman [7] identified higher concentrations of carbon and oxygen within 1 mm of the weld interface. As a result of the current ambiguity over the nature of oxide dispersal, this paper intends to clarify how the surface oxides of consolidated foils are distributed within the weld interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New discoveries in ultrasonic consolidation nano-structures using emerging analysis techniques

Johnson

Edmonds

Higginson

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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This paper examines the influence of ultrasonic consolidation (UC) on the bonding interface and challenges existing opinion regarding the mechanism of oxide dispersal during UC bond formation. The findings presented in this paper were achieved through the use of dual beam focused ion beam (DBFIB) etching and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enabling the close examination of the weld interface, sub-grain morphology, and dislocation structure in ultrasonically consolidated aluminium (Al) 3003-T0 samples.As a result of this investigation, it has been established that a persistent oxide layer between bonded foils often remains after UC with this material. The level of sub-grain refinement in ultrasonically consolidated components was seen to decrease as the distance from the weld interface increases. This trend was characterised by the nanoscale sub-grain and gradient subgrain regions, between which a distinct stepped transition was apparent. Direct contact with the sonotrode surface during the deposition of each new layer was also seen to cause significantly more sub-grain refinement than interface dynamics alone. Nano-grain colonies were also discovered in areas surrounding material flaws, manganese particles, or non-planar interface regions, and persistent dislocation slip bands were seen near the UC weld interface. In light of these results, the context of previously proposed methods of bond formation in UC is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New discoveries in ultrasonic consolidation nano-structures using emerging analysis techniques

Johnson

Edmonds

Higginson

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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“…the relative cost saving or cost benefits arising) has traditionally been greatest for the additive manufacture of Ni or Ti alloys. 22,23 As a result, there is a paucity of work related to the corrosion performance of the important alloy 316L, when produced by 3D printing. Of the very few works to date that report corrosion of 3D printed austenitic stainless steels, the outcomes are inconclusive.…”

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confidence: 99%

On The Corrosion and Metastable Pitting Characteristics of 316L Stainless Steel Produced by Selective Laser Melting

Sander

Thomas

Reyes-Cruz

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

301

126

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The austenitic stainless steel 316L was additively manufactured using Selective Laser Melting (SLM). The corrosion characteristics of the additively manufactured (3D printed) specimens were investigated by both potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques. The production parameters were deliberately varied during SLM, to produce 316L specimens fabricated by different laser scan speed (in the range of 860-1160 mm/s) and laser power (in the range of 165-285 W). The fabrication parameters were found to influence the porosity of the resulting specimens. The pitting potentials, metastable pitting rates and repassivation potentials of the 3D printed specimens are presented herein as a function of the laser scan speed and laser power, and also discussed in the context of specimen porosity. The corrosion characteristics of the 3D printed 316L were also compared with wrought 316L, revealing higher pitting potentials and lower rates of metastable pitting for most SLM 316L specimens, the related concepts of which are discussed herein. Stainless steels are a critically important class of alloy in several industries.1 The corrosion resistance of stainless steel (SS) is attributed to the presence of alloyed chromium (> ∼11 wt%), enabling the formation of a chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) based passive film upon the metal surface.1-3 The addition of elements such as nickel, nitrogen, molybdenum, carbon, aluminum, copper, sulfur and selenium can modify the corrosion resistance, strength, ductility, machinability, and the phases present (and their stability) in stainless steels.1-3 The types of stainless steel are most conveniently categorized according to their microstructure, classified as: austenitic, martensitic, ferritic and austenoferritic (duplex). Such structures are realized by specific alloying additions and metallurgical processing.1-4 Additive manufacturing has recently been explored as a means to produce SS components in net shape, 5-7 circumventing the requirement of traditional manufacturing methods such as casting, rolling, welding, machining, forging, etc. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is one such additive manufacturing method, which can produce dense products by laser processing of metal powders. In SLM, metal powder layers are successively fused in a layer-by-layer manner into the requisite 3D structure, employing a fiber laser. [8][9][10][11] The metallic component in essence is therefore 3D printed into the requisite shape, by additive manufacturing processes like SLM. The process takes place in chamber of well-controlled inert atmosphere (either nitrogen or argon). The primary parameters that govern the microstructure of a 3D printed specimen are the laser power and the laser scan speed, as they influence the thermal gradients and growth rate of the metal at the solid-liquid interface (in the melt pool). 12 The porosity that may develop in 3D printed specimens depends upon the heating and cooling rates of the melt pool. 13 The laser scan speed relates to the duration for which the laser beam is in contact with ...

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“…UC parts demonstrated good metallurgical bonding between Nickel and Titanium interfaces. The researchers concluded that all three manufacturing methods require further development before functionally graded parts can be reliably produced [29]. Liu et al also used the LENS process to fabricate functionally graded Titanium Carbide and Titanium (TiC/Ti) parts.…”

Section: Solid Freeform Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser melting functionally graded composition of Waspaloy® and Zirconia powders

Mumtaz

Hopkinson

2007

J Mater Sci

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An approach for fabricating functionally graded specimens of supernickel alloy and ceramic compositions via Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is presented. The focus aimed at using the Functionally Graded Material (FGM) concept to gradually grade powdered compositions of Zirconia within a base material of Waspaloy ® . A high power Nd:YAG laser was used to process the material compositions to a high density with gradual but discrete changes between layered compositions. The graded specimens initially consisted of 100% Waspaloy ® with subsequent layers containing increased volume compositions of Zirconia (0-10%).Specimens were examined for porosity and microstructure. It was found that specimens contained an average porosity of 0.34% with a gradual change between layers without any major interface defects.

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Development of nickel‐titanium graded composition components

Cited by 131 publications

References 3 publications

New discoveries in ultrasonic consolidation nano-structures using emerging analysis techniques

New discoveries in ultrasonic consolidation nano-structures using emerging analysis techniques

On The Corrosion and Metastable Pitting Characteristics of 316L Stainless Steel Produced by Selective Laser Melting

Laser melting functionally graded composition of Waspaloy® and Zirconia powders

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