Development of North Atlantic Tropical Disturbances near Upper-Level Potential Vorticity Streamers

Galarneau, Thomas J.; McTaggart‐Cowan, Ron; Bosart, Lance F.; Davis, Christopher A.

doi:10.1175/jas-d-14-0106.1

Cited by 43 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The findings are consistent with previous studies (e.g., Strong and Magnusdottir 2009) and strongly suggest that RWB can impact convective systems, including TCs and their precursors ( Fig. 2; Bosart 2003, 2004;Galarneau et al 2015;Zhang et al 2016). Different from Galarneau et al (2015), we note that the dry subsidence associated with the upper-level RWB extend throughout the troposphere, directly impacting the wind anomalies and moisture transport in the lower troposphere.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…Although many RWB cases have been discussed in the context of TC activity (e.g., Galarneau et al 2015;Zhang et al 2016), it is still helpful to start our analyses with an illustrative case in August 2005 (Fig. 2).…”

Section: A a Case Of Breaking Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, the tropical transition is often accompanied by potential vorticity (PV) streamers associated with anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking (RWB) (Davis and Bosart 2004;Galarneau et al 2015). A recent study by Galarneau et al (2015) investigated TC formation associated with the upper-tropospheric PV streamers. Based on the cases during 2004-08, they argued that the key factor determining whether a TC develops is the strength of the sea level pressure gradient and the associated lower-tropospheric moisture flux rather than the upper-level PV streamers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the cases during 2004-08, they argued that the key factor determining whether a TC develops is the strength of the sea level pressure gradient and the associated lower-tropospheric moisture flux rather than the upper-level PV streamers. However, studies of RWB in the cold season have found that RWB can strongly perturb the lower troposphere and affect the SLP and the surface heat flux (e.g., Strong and Magnusdottir 2009;Michel et al 2012), so the lowerlevel signals emphasized by Galarneau et al (2015) are not necessarily independent of the upper-level streamers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and Impacts of Extratropical Rossby Wave Breaking during the Atlantic Hurricane Season

et al. 2017

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This study investigates the characteristics of extratropical Rossby wave breaking (RWB) during the Atlantic hurricane season and its impacts on Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity. It was found that RWB perturbs the wind and moisture fields throughout the troposphere in the vicinity of a breaking wave. When RWB occurs more frequently over the North Atlantic, the Atlantic main development region (MDR) is subject to stronger vertical wind shear and reduced tropospheric moisture; the basinwide TC counts are reduced, and TCs are generally less intense, have a shorter lifetime, and are less likely to make landfalls. A significant negative correlation was found between Atlantic TC activity and RWB occurrence during 1979-2013. The correlation is comparable to that with the MDR SST index and stronger than that with the Niño-3.4 index. Further analyses suggest that the variability of RWB occurrence in the western Atlantic is largely independent of that in the eastern Atlantic. The RWB occurrence in the western basin is more closely tied to the environmental variability of the tropical North Atlantic and is more likely to hinder TC intensification or reduce the TC lifetime because of its proximity to the central portion of TC tracks. Consequently, the basinwide TC counts and the accumulated cyclone energy have a strong correlation with western-basin RWB occurrence but only a moderate correlation with eastern-basin RWB occurrence. The results highlight the extratropical impacts on Atlantic TC activity and regional climate via RWB and provide new insights into the variability and predictability of TC activity.

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: A a Case Of Breaking Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and Impacts of Extratropical Rossby Wave Breaking during the Atlantic Hurricane Season

et al. 2017

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Teleconnections between ENSO and rainfall and drought in Puerto Rico

Torres-Valcárcel

2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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An analytical study was conducted to assess the long‐term influence, role, and impacts of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Puerto Rico's precipitation patterns and significant moisture deficits (droughts). Detection and attribution was addressed by evaluating local rainfall measures and ENSO‐related data to (1) detect ENSO signals and patterns, (2) quantify the magnitude of any impacts, and (3) determine if ENSO may be an important factor for local prediction of future droughts. Data were evaluated at different time periods and two spatial scales (island‐wide and internal climate regions of Puerto Rico). Although a signal was detected, it was weak, in both directions, varied regionally, and has inconsequential impacts. No evidence was found for a major control by ENSO over local monthly, seasonal, and yearly rainfall for any climate regions on the island. These results indicate that ENSO is not a main factor causing droughts in Puerto Rico for the study period and thus should not be a factor in predicting the potential for local dry periods or large precipitation deficits in the future. Any presumed teleconnections between Puerto Rico's dry periods and ENSO are not based on current climatological evidence. Thus, local drought prediction efforts should be focused on finding major causes of local rainfall variation other than ENSO.

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Horizontal kinetic energy analysis of tropical transition simulations with the WRF and HARMONIE‐AROME models

Calvo-Sancho

Bolgiani

Díaz-Blanco

et al. 2023

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Four tropical transition (TT) events in the North Atlantic basin are simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and the HARMONIE‐AROME (HAR) models to study the main features of the horizontal kinetic energy (HKE) spectra of this kind of high‐energetic atmospheric systems. Though most of the times similar results are obtained with both models, HAR shows a more intense filtering and numerical dissipation, whereas WRF tends to represent over‐energized spectra in the synoptic scale and especially at smaller wavelengths. Predictability is dissimilar for the four TTs studied due to the different spectral curve slope obtained for each case, ranging from unlimited to very poor predictability at synoptic scale. Additionally, an increased HKE is presented in the middle‐upper troposphere spectra.A deep analysis of the different terms involved in the equation of the spectral energy budget is presented through a detailed study of one of these TTs. The role of all of them is studied, connecting the energy spectra and the meteorological processes involved. The energy budget terms related to the non‐linear spectral transfer, the three‐dimensional divergence and diabatic process tendencies are identified as the key ones, whereas the potential and kinetic conversion terms, and the vertical flux HKE and pressure divergence terms play a secondary role on modulating the spectrum behaviour. The major energetic contributions are found at the synoptic scale, but results show that a two‐dimensional energy cascade does not fully capture the whole spectrum of a TT. The role of convection, latent heat release and moist convection outbursts is sketched and a link within different vertical levels is found. Results show that a high‐energetic system, such as a TT, can effectively alter the atmospheric energy behaviour.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Development of North Atlantic Tropical Disturbances near Upper-Level Potential Vorticity Streamers

Cited by 43 publications

References 79 publications

Characteristics and Impacts of Extratropical Rossby Wave Breaking during the Atlantic Hurricane Season

Characteristics and Impacts of Extratropical Rossby Wave Breaking during the Atlantic Hurricane Season

Teleconnections between ENSO and rainfall and drought in Puerto Rico

Horizontal kinetic energy analysis of tropical transition simulations with the WRF and HARMONIE‐AROME models

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