Development of Novel Antimicrobial and Antiviral Green Synthesized Silver Nanocomposites for the Visual Detection of Fe3+ Ions

Abstract

In the current research, we present a single-step, one-pot, room temperature green synthesis approach for the development of functional poly(tannic acid)-based silver nanocomposites. Silver nanocomposites were synthesized using only tannic acid (plant polyphenol) as a reducing and capping agent. At room temperature and under mildly alkaline conditions, tannic acid reduces the silver salt into nanoparticles. Tannic acid undergoes oxidation and self-polymerization before the encapsulating of the synthesized silver nanoparticle and forms silver nanocomposites with a thick capping layer of poly(tannic acid). No organic solvents, special instruments, or toxic chemicals were used during the synthesis process. The results for the silver nanocomposites prepared under optimum conditions confirmed the successful synthesis of nearly spherical and fine nanocomposites (10.61 ± 1.55 nm) with a thick capping layer of poly(tannic acid) (~3 nm). With these nanocomposites, iron could be detected without any special instrument or technique. It was also demonstrated that, in the presence of Fe3+ ions (visual detection limit ~20 μM), nanocomposites aggregated using the coordination chemistry and exhibited visible color change. Ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis also confirmed the formation of aggregate after the addition of the analyte in the detection system (colored nanocomposites). The unique analytic performance, simplicity, and ease of synthesis of the developed functional nanocomposites make them suitable for large-scale applications, especially in the fields of medical, sensing, and environmental monitoring. For the medical application, it is shown that synthesized nanocomposites can strongly inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the particles also exhibit very good antifungal and antiviral activity.

Fabrication and characterization of novel, cost-effective graphitic carbon nitride/Fe coated textile nanocomposites for effective degradation of dyes and biohazards

“…It is obvious from previous studies that metallic NPs exhibit antiviral [ 34 , 35 ]. The iron-doped g-C 3 N 4 showed antiviral activity against different viruses types which is attributed to direct iron-doped g-C 3 N 4 binding with viral enveloped glycoproteins, thus, inhibiting the penetration of viruses inside host cells, though the action mechanism is not explained well [ [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] ].…”

Tutorial review on the processing and performance of fabrics with antipathogenic inorganic agents

“…developed nanocomposites containing silver nanoparticles. In this work the main property studied was the detection of Fe 3+ ions, but it was also applied in cotton fabrics for antimicrobial evaluation (E. coli, S. aureus, Influenza A virus H3N2, Feline calicivirus FCV and Candida albicans), obtaining good and promising results in all properties tested, creating a multifunctional composite (Ali et al 2021a ).…”

Biomimetic Sol–Gel Chemistry to Tailor Structure, Properties, and Functionality of Bionanocomposites by Biopolymers and Cells

“…Tannic acid, the entrapment of which provides intensely colored silica ( Figure 15 b,c), can also find application as a pH sensor since its spectral characteristics change significantly when the acidity of the medium is varied. Complexes with metal ions are especially suitable for this purpose [ 376 , 377 , 378 ]. Tannic acid has broad potential for various functionalization of bionanocomposites, in the pores of which it is left after biomimetic synthesis.…”