Development of Novel Phosphate Based Inhibitors Effective For Oxygen Corrosion

Yepez, Omar; Obeyesekere, Nihal U.; Wylde, Jonathan

doi:10.2118/173723-ms

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Several studies focussing on the effects of flow on corrosion using an RC have been published, under ambient temperature conditions and under high temperatures and pressures (using autoclaves) (Vera et al , 2017; Yépez et al , 2015; Jiang et al , 2005). However, the responses of these studies are based mainly on measures of mass loss, surface microstructural analyses and profilometry ( ex situ , offline studies), which is a fundamental limitation of the methodology (Ramachandran, 2017; Senior et al , 2015; Kumar et al , 2013).…”

Section: Laboratory Methodologies To Simulate Flow Effects On Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid flow effects on CO₂ corrosion: a review of applications of rotating cage methodology

Florez

Ferrari

2019

ACMM

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Purpose Among the many influencing effects that the medium has on the CO2 corrosion of carbon steel, flow is one of the most important because it can determine the formation of corrosion product scales and its stabilisation, thus influencing the attack morphology and corrosion rate. This paper aims to summarise some factors affecting aqueous CO2 corrosion and the laboratory methodologies to evaluate one of the most important, the flow, with an emphasis on less costly rotating cage (RC) laboratory methodology. Design/methodology/approach Regarding the key factors affecting CO2 corrosion, both well-established factors and some not well addressed in current corrosion prediction models are presented. The wall shear stress (WSS) values that can be obtained by laboratory flow simulation methodologies in pipelines and its effects over iron carbonate (FeCO3) scales or inhibition films are discussed. In addition, promising applications of electrochemical techniques coupled to RC methodology under mild or harsh conditions are presented. Findings More studies could be addressed that also consider both the salting-out effects and the presence of oxygen in CO2 corrosion. The RC methodology may be appropriate to simulate a WSS close to that obtained by laboratory flow loops, especially when using only water as the corrosive medium. Originality/value The WSS generated by the RC methodology might not be able to cause destruction of protective FeCO3 scales or inhibition films. However, this may be an issue even when using methodologies that allow high-magnitude hydrodynamic stresses.

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Section: Laboratory Methodologies To Simulate Flow Effects On Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid flow effects on CO₂ corrosion: a review of applications of rotating cage methodology

Florez

Ferrari

2019

ACMM

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“…Furthermore, the presence of different iron sulfide layers has been associated with onset of localized corrosion. 8,[41][42][43] The exact mechanism behind this phenomenon is not yet clear. One possible explanation is related to different electroactivity of the various iron sulfides.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reduction Reactions on Iron Sulfides in Aqueous Acidic Solutions

Esmaeely

Nešić

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Iron sulfide corrosion product layers commonly form on mild steel surfaces corroding in aqueous H 2 S environments. These porous layers present a barrier which may reduce the corrosion rate, however, their semi-conductive nature leads to an acceleration of corrosion via galvanic coupling, by increasing the cathodic surface area. The electrocatalytic properties of different iron sulfides, which are important in this process, were unknown. The current study looks at the cathodic reaction rates on the surfaces of geological pyrite, geological pyrrhotite, and mild steel in HCl, CO 2 and H 2 S aqueous solutions at different pH. Results show that in solutions where H + reduction dominates, pyrite has similar electroactivity as X65 steel, while pyrrhotite exhibits approximately one order of magnitude smaller current densities. An extra wave observed in the cathodic sweeps on pyrrhotite was due to conversion of pyrrhotite to troilite. In aqueous CO 2 solutions, similar results were obtained, while in H 2 S aqueous environments, both pyrite and pyrrhotite showed similar electroactivity that was slightly lesser than that of X65 steel. Iron sulfides can be found in various forms, the most common being: mackinawite (FeS) that has a tetragonal crystalline structure, cubic ferrous sulfide (FeS), troilite (FeS) with a hexagonal structure, polymorphous pyrrhotite (Fe 1-x S), hexagonal smythite (Fe 3+x S 4 ), cubic greigite (Fe 3 S 4 ), cubic pyrite (FeS 2 ) and orthorhombic marcasite (FeS 2 ).1 They contain iron in different oxidation states (Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ), with a broad range of non-stoichiometric compositions and have distinct physicochemical and electrical properties. Iron sulfides are classified as semiconductors 1 with their electrochemistry being an important area of investigation across different fields of application, including clean energy related research, 2-6 corrosion of steel in H 2 S containing environments, 7-12 geochemical studies, 12-15 etc. For example pyrite, and pyrrhotite are two most abundant iron sulfides found in the Earth's crust 1,[16][17][18] and are at the same time among the most common corrosion products of steel corrosion due to H 2 S.Pyrite is the most thermodynamically stable stoichiometric iron sulfide, 1 having the lowest solubility in water as compared to other iron sulfides.19 Pyrite is a semiconductor with a resistivity in the range of 10 −5 _ 10 1 m 20-22 and is found as both n-type and ptype.23 Pyrrhotite (Fe (1-x) S (x = 0-0.2)) 17,24-27 is an iron deficient iron sulfide, with a crystalline structure changing from monoclinic to hexagonal depending on its iron deficiency. For example, hexagonal stoichiometric pyrrhotite is known as troilite. Both pyrrhotite and troilite are p-type semiconductors with a resistivity [20][21][22] in the range of 10 −6 _ 10The electrochemistry of iron sulfides investigated to date, has been mostly focused on anodic reactions, such as phase transformation and dissolution [28][29][30][31][32] which are predominantly important in weathering of iron sulfide...

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Corrosion inhibition

Moloney¹,

Kumar

et al. 2022

Flow Assurance

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Development of Novel Phosphate Based Inhibitors Effective For Oxygen Corrosion

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Fluid flow effects on CO₂ corrosion: a review of applications of rotating cage methodology

Fluid flow effects on CO₂ corrosion: a review of applications of rotating cage methodology

Reduction Reactions on Iron Sulfides in Aqueous Acidic Solutions

Corrosion inhibition

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Development of Novel Phosphate Based Inhibitors Effective For Oxygen Corrosion

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Fluid flow effects on CO2 corrosion: a review of applications of rotating cage methodology

Fluid flow effects on CO2 corrosion: a review of applications of rotating cage methodology

Reduction Reactions on Iron Sulfides in Aqueous Acidic Solutions

Corrosion inhibition

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Fluid flow effects on CO₂ corrosion: a review of applications of rotating cage methodology

Fluid flow effects on CO₂ corrosion: a review of applications of rotating cage methodology