Development of novel radionuclides for medical applications

Abstract

Medical radionuclide production technology is well established. There is, however, a constant need for further development of radionuclides. The present efforts are mainly devoted to nonstandard positron emitters (eg, Cu, Y, I, and Se) and novel therapeutic radionuclides emitting low-range β particles (eg, Cu and Re), conversion or Auger electrons (eg, Sn and Br), and α particles (eg, Ac). A brief account of various aspects of development work (ie, nuclear data, targetry, chemical processing, and quality control) is given. For each radionuclide under consideration, the status of technology for clinical scale production is discussed. The increasing need of intermediate-energy multiple-particle accelerating cyclotrons is pointed out.

Building up PtII−Thiosemicarbazone−Lysine−sC18 Conjugates

“…On the other side, the good tolerability of the novel Pt II conjugates paves the way for future studies, in which we will use these and related Pt‐TSC‐peptide conjugates for late‐stage radiolabelling with Pt radionuclides, such as 189 Pt, 191 Pt, 193m Pt, and 195m Pt that are very interesting candidates for Auger‐electron radionuclide therapy [76–79] . The advantage of this method is the emission of low energy electrons which are able to ionise material in a very confined space, thus reducing radiation damage to healthy cells [80,81] . Tagged by a ligand containing biological information, the radionuclide can be transported to a desired location or cell, thus focussing the decay and cell damage in a certain area (targeted radiotherapy).…”

New developments in the production of theranostic pairs of radionuclides

“…We consider several of those aspects below for each individual radionuclide. For a few radionuclides, some production details were recently reported [16,17]. For those radionuclides, therefore, the present review gives only some updated information.…”

“…The production of the therapeutic radionuclide 67 Cu (T½ = 2.58 d) in no-carrier-added form has also been under consideration for more than 40 years and the knowledge available till 2011 was critically reviewed [104]. A few other later reviews dealt with the newer information [17,[105][106][107]. In this work therefore only some salient features are mentioned.…”

Therapeutic Radiometals: Worldwide Scientific Literature Trend Analysis (2008–2018)

“…(Table 1) compared with emergent therapeutic radionuclides (such as 67 Cu, 47 Sc, 223 Ra, 166 Ho, 161 Tb, 149 Tb, 212 Pb, 212 Bi, 225 Ac, 213 Bi, 211 At, etc.) (Table 2) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]. The great effort that researchers have put in this particular therapeutic field of nuclear medicine is comparable with the research that has been carried out in the last 10 years on Tc-99m alternative production methods [29,30].…”