Development of Novel Solid-Phase Microextraction Fibers

Abstract

The basic principles for the preparation of SPME fibers with satisfying selectivity, sensitivity, loading capacities and stabilities are summarized here in terms of the physicochemical properties of the coating materials and the supporting substrates of SPME fibers. While the main part of this chapter focuses on the advances in developing the most widely used coating materials, including ionic liquids, polymeric ionic liquids, carbonaceous materials, molecularly imprinted polymers, metal-organic frameworks, metals and metal oxides, conductive polymers, modified silica, as well as their composites, into SPME fibers. Meanwhile, the applications of novel SPME fibers in analyzing diverse analytes in different sample matrices are briefly reviewed, including the emerging applications of SPME in the extraction of bioactive compounds in living animals and plants.Keywords SPME fiber coating Á Ionic liquid Á Polymeric ionic liquid Á Graphene Á Carbon nanotube Á Molecularly imprinted polymer Á Metal-organic framework Á Metal and metal oxide Á Conductive polymer Á Modified silica IntroductionThe outstanding features of solid-phase microextraction (SPME), including rapid and simple operating procedures, slight disturbance to investigated systems, reduced consumption of solvents, and feasibility of automation, continuously inspire new explorations of SPME in various frontiers, such as metabolome detection [1], central nervous systems studies [2], pharmacokinetic studies [3], environmental analysis [4], and food analysis [5]. On the other hand, the diversity of the physicochemical properties of the target analytes and the complicity of the sample matrices require the development of new SPME devices to nourish the new

Facile preparation of multifunctional carbon nanotube/magnetite/polyaniline nanocomposite offering a strong option for efficient solid‐phase microextraction coupled with GC–MS for the analysis of phenolic compounds

“…Several routes have been used for extraction and preconcentration of trace levels of organic pollutants in environmental water samples including LLE, cloud point extraction, SPE, SPME, LPME, floatation separation, and membrane filtration . SPME, introduced by Pawlyszyn and coworkers in 1990 , has emerged as a prevailing and new extraction and preconcentration method of volatile and semi‐volatile organic compound at trace levels from liquid, solid, and gaseous samples that possess fast diffusion rate, portable, solvent‐free, easily automated, inexpensive, and high enrichment factor properties. This technique is a miniaturized sample pretreatment technique that integrates sampling, extraction, preconcentration, and sample introduction in a single step.…”