Development of novel tissue engineering scaffolds via electrospinning

Nair, Lakshmi S.; Bhattacharyya, Subhabrata; Laurencin, Cato T.

doi:10.1517/14712598.4.5.659

“…Among these, the process of electrospinning seems to be very promising due to the ease of fabrication, reproducibility, control over the process and comparatively lower cost [6]. In electrospinning, a polymer solution of suitable viscosity is subjected to an intense electrical potential which then undergoes a bending instability to afford fibers having diameter in the nanometer range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyphosphazenes are polymers with an inorganic backbone of phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with two side groups attached to the phosphorus atom. These polymers can be rendered biodegradable by replacing the chlorine atoms of the macromolecular precursor poly(dichlorophosphazene), by suitable side groups such as alkoxides or with amines of low pKa [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyphosphazenes are polymers with an inorganic backbone of phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with two side groups attached to the phosphorus atom. These polymers can be rendered biodegradable by replacing the chlorine atoms of the macromolecular precursor poly(dichlorophosphazene), by suitable side groups such as alkoxides or with amines of low pKa [6].The aim of the present study was to develop composite nanofibers from biodegradable polyphosphazenes and nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nHAp) crystals as candidates for bone tissue engineering applications. The drive for using nHAp as the reinforcing phase of a bone tissue engineering composite scaffold stems from the fact that natural bone has a composite structure, with hydroxyapatite (HAp) as a primary inorganic component composing approximately 70% of bone's dry weight.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Biodegradable Polyphosphazene- Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Nanofibers Via Electrospinning

Bhattacharyya

¹

,

Nair

²

,

Singh

³

et al. 2004

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Biodegradable polymeric nanofibers are of great interest as scaffolds for tissue engineering and drug delivery due to their extremely high surface area, high aspect ratio and similarity in structure to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Polyphosphazenes due to their synthetic flexibility, wide range of physico-chemical properties, non-toxic and neutral degradation products and excellent biocompatibility are suitable candidates for biomedical applications. The objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate composite nanofibers of a biodegradable polyphosphazene, poly[bis(ethyl alanato)phosphazene] (PNEA) and nanocrystals of hydroxyapatite (nHAp) via electrospinning. A suspension of nHAp in dimethyl formamide (DMF) sonicated with PNEA solution in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used to develop composite nanofiber matrices via electrospinning at ambient conditions. In the present study the theoretical loading of nHAp was varied from 50%-90% (w/w) to PNEA. The nHAp content (actual loading of nHAp) of the composite nanofibers was determined by gravimetric estimation. The composite nanofibers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), gravimetry and energy dispersive X-ray mapping. This study demonstrated the feasibility of developing novel composite nanofibers of biodegradable polyphosphazenes with more than 50% (w/w) loading of nHAp on and within the nanofibers.Keywords: Polyphosphazenes, Bone tissue engineering, Electrospinning, Nanofiber, Nanohydroxyapatite. 91 IntroductionTissue engineering is defined as the application of biological, chemical and engineering principles toward the repair, restoration or regeneration of living tissues using biomaterials, cells and factors, alone or in combination [I]. This approach is emerging as an alternative therapeutic strategy in the treatment of a number of injuries including those of bone. In natural bone tissue, collagen nanofibrills constitute the extracellular matrix (ECM). The effort is to develop a biomaterial based scaffold which can mimic the structural properties of ECM [2]. These synthetic, biocompatible matrices should degrade within the body at a rate similar to the rate of tissue regeneration resulting in non-toxic degradation products [3]. Biodegradable polymeric nanofibers, due to their extremely high surface area, high aspect ratio and structural similarity to the ECM are generating considerable interest as scaffolds for tissue engineering [4].Various processes are currently being investigated to fabricate fibers with diameters in the nanometer range such as template synthesis, self assembly, drawing, phase separation and electrospinning [5]. Among these, the process of electrospinning seems to be very promising due to the ease of fabrication, reproducibility, control over the process and comparatively lower cost [6]. In electrospinning, a polymer solution of suitable viscosity is subjected to an intense electrical potential which then undergoes a bending instability to afford fibers having diameter in the nanometer range.We have...

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“…This chapter differs from previously published review articles [20][21][22][23][24] that focus on the electrospinning process and the characterization of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds by covering in much greater detail the breadth of electrospinning technology and its applications in tissue engineering. Notably, by taking advantage of our research expertise in cell and tissue engineering, we particularly focus on the biological mechanisms and activities enhanced by nanofibers while also reviewing the most up-to-date findings for the development of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds and the engineering of nanofiber-based tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Electrospinning Technology for Nanofibrous Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering

Li¹,

Shanti²,

Tuan³

2003

Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences

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The sections in this article are Introduction Nanofibrous Scaffolds Fabrication Methods for Nanofibrous Scaffolds Phase Separation Self‐assembly Electrospinning The Electrospinning Process History Setup Mechanism and Working Parameters Properties of Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds Architecture Porosity Mechanical Properties Current Development of Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering Evidence Supporting the Use of Nanofibrous Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering Nanofibrous Scaffolds Enhance Adsorption of Cell Adhesion Molecules Nanofibrous Scaffolds Induce Favorable Cell– ECM Interaction Nanofibrous Scaffolds Maintain Cell Phenotype Nanofibrous Scaffolds Support Differentiation of Stem Cells Nanofibrous Scaffolds Promote in vivo ‐like 3 D Matrix Adhesion and Activate Cell Signaling Pathway Biomaterials Electrospun into Nanofibrous Scaffolds Natural Polymeric Nanofibrous Scaffolds Synthetic Polymeric Nanofibrous Scaffolds Composite Polymeric Nanofibrous Scaffolds Nanofibrous Scaffolds Coated with Bioactive Molecules Engineered Tissues using Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds Skin Blood Vessel Cartilage Bone Muscle Ligament Nerve Current Challenges and Future Directions Conclusion

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“…Nanofibers are formed by the narrowing of the ejected jet stream as it undergoes increasing surface charge density due to the evaporation of the solvent [250,251]. Different processing parameters (e.g., kind of polymer/solution, viscosity, surface tension, net charge density, polymer mass flux in the syringe or ambient parameters, such as temperature, humidity and air velocity) control the ELSP process, especially the diameter and morphology of the resulting fibers [252]. The fibers with diameters ranging from several µm down to 100 nm and less are deposited in the form of a nonwoven fabric on a collector through a random deposition process (FIGURE 7) [253].…”

Section: Electrospinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and preparation of polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering

Weigel

¹

,

Schinkel

²

,

Lendlein

³

2006

Expert Review of Medical Devices

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Polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering can be prepared with a multitude of different techniques. Many diverse approaches have recently been under development. The adaptation of conventional preparation methods, such as electrospinning, induced phase separation of polymer solutions or porogen leaching, which were developed originally for other research areas, are described. In addition, the utilization of novel fabrication techniques, such as rapid prototyping or solid free-form procedures, with their many different methods to generate or to embody scaffold structures or the usage of selfassembly systems that mimic the properties of the extracellular matrix are also described. These methods are reviewed and evaluated with specific regard to their utility in the area of tissue engineering.Expert Rev. Med. Devices 3(6), 835-851 (2006) The technology of tissue engineering aims to generate new or substitute damaged or malfunctioning tissue or organs and could well become an alternative method to whole organ transplantation [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In the last decade particularly, enormous advances have been made in the area of tissue regeneration for therapeutical purposes. Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary research area in which principles of material science/engineering and cell biology/life science are combined. The methods of tissue engineering have been applied to different types of tissue, including skin [7][8][9][10][11], bone [12][13][14][15][16], liver [17][18][19][20][21], intestine [22][23][24][25][26][27], esophagus [28][29][30][31][32], valve leaflets [33][34][35][36], muscle [37][38][39] and tongue [40][41][42], the vascular system [43][44][45][46][47], for craniofacial defects [48][49][50], tendons and ligaments [51][52][53][54][55], cartilage [56][57][58][59][60] and nerve tissue [61][62][63][64][65]. Since the early commercialization of tissue-engineered applications, for example, the work of Bell and colleagues [66], research with stem cells [3,[67][68][69] and the use of growth factors [70][71][72][73] that support cell differentiation and proliferation, have provided new opportunities in the field of tissue engineering. At present, tissue engineering methods generally require the use of a porous scaffold that serves as a matrix for initial cell attachment and subsequently for tissue formation in vitro and in vivo. Up to now scaffolds made from biomaterials have temporarily substituted the extracellular matrix (ECM). Such biomaterials can be of natural origin, such as organic collagen [74][75][76], fibrin glue [77][78][79], hyaluronic acid [80][81][82] or the inorganic-like coralline [83,84]. Synthetic polymeric materials have also been investigated, including, for example, aliphatic, copolyesters [85][86][87], polyhydroxyalkanoates [88][89][90] and polyethylene glycol [91,92], or inorganic materials, such as hydroxyapatite [48,93,94], tricalciumphosphate [95,96], glass ceramics and glass [97][98][99].The intrinsic material properties, such as the mechanical [100] or thermal [101,102] be...

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Development of novel tissue engineering scaffolds via electrospinning

Cited by 180 publications

References 39 publications

Development of Biodegradable Polyphosphazene- Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Nanofibers Via Electrospinning

Development of Biodegradable Polyphosphazene- Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Nanofibers Via Electrospinning

Electrospinning Technology for Nanofibrous Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering

Design and preparation of polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering

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