Development of numerical model for determination of pressure equalization in facades during wet conditions

Bossche, Nathan Van Den; Janssens, Arnold; Moore, Travis; Lacasse, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106919

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To obtain good pressure equalization (>90%), the airtightness of the inner seal should be at least ten times higher than the airtightness of the outer seal [26] or in case of joints, Burgess found that a ratio of joint opening area to cavity volume of over 0.05 m −1 will result in a pressure equalization percentage greater than 96% [32]. To this end, a drainage opening with a height of 15 mm and angled towards the exterior was provided at the bottom of the outer seal of sample D1 and openings with a height of 25 mm at both sides of the EPDM foil of prototype P1.…”

Section: Test Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tape B2 differed from tape A1 by the presence of an airtight coating on the inside of the tape. It is assumed that the airtight coating on the inside of the tapes of type B2 reduces the pressure difference acting over the outer part of the sealant tape, and, as such reduces the driving force for water infiltration at the exterior [26]. Applied pressure difference when visible water leaks were observed at the inside of the first and last leaking joints and the average of all tested joints with varying joint width (at the non-adhesive side of the foam sealing tapes).…”

Section: Impact Of the Type Of Tape On The Resistance To Driving Rainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of the Type Of Tape On The Resistance To Driving Rainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tape B2 differed from tape A1 by the presence of an airtight coating on the inside of the tape. It is assumed that the airtight coating on the inside of the tapes of type B2 reduces the pressure difference acting over the outer part of the sealant tape, and, as such reduces the driving force for water infiltration at the exterior [26]. The position of the foam sealing tapes relative to the outside of the aluminum profiles had an impact on the resistance of the joints to the sprayed water during the test (Figure 8).…”

Section: Impact Of the Type Of Tape On The Resistance To Driving Rainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of drainage and, more specifically, the use of a pressure-equalized drainage cavity is a well-known concept to increase the resistance of both walls and joints to the penetration of rainwater. The concept was already introduced in 1963 by Garden and is still, up to today, a research subject of interest [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Joints sealed in a pressure-equalized and drained manner consist of an outer seal, an air space, and an inner seal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-Compressed Foam Sealing Tapes to Seal Joints between Building Envelope Components Watertight: An Experimental Assessment

Linden

Bossche

2023

Buildings

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Currently there is gaining interest in pre-compressed foam sealing tapes to seal joints watertight between different building envelope components. Little to no information is available on the parameters affecting the resistance of these foam tapes to driving rain. On the other hand, several research studies have shown that water leakages can be expected at relatively low-pressure differences and that drainage should be provided. Therefore, a study was designed to on the one hand assess the material and installation parameters that affect the watertightness of pre-compressed polyurethane foam sealing tapes impregnated with an acrylic polymer dispersion and on the other hand evaluate the potential of providing drainage possibilities, either as a two-barrier system or by means of integrated drainage cavities. It was found that the joint width, the presence of an airtight coating, and the position of the tape relative to the exterior surface affected the watertightness of the sealed joints. Notably, 87% of the evaluated foam tapes applied as a single barrier showed water leakages at pressure differences of 600 Pa or lower. Foam tapes with integrated drainage cavities, on the other hand, resulted in watertight joints up to an average pressure difference of 825 Pa.

show abstract

Section: Test Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of the Type Of Tape On The Resistance To Driving Rainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of the Type Of Tape On The Resistance To Driving Rainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tape B2 differed from tape A1 by the presence of an airtight coating on the inside of the tape. It is assumed that the airtight coating on the inside of the tapes of type B2 reduces the pressure difference acting over the outer part of the sealant tape, and, as such reduces the driving force for water infiltration at the exterior [26]. The position of the foam sealing tapes relative to the outside of the aluminum profiles had an impact on the resistance of the joints to the sprayed water during the test (Figure 8).…”

Section: Impact Of the Type Of Tape On The Resistance To Driving Rainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Pre-Compressed Foam Sealing Tapes to Seal Joints between Building Envelope Components Watertight: An Experimental Assessment

Linden

Bossche

2023

Buildings

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Wind Load Assessment of Unitized Double Skin Facades

Ricciardelli,

Manara,

Lori

2024

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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A simple numerical tool for superimposition of climatic load and wind load in Closed Cavity Facades: importance of a coupled PE-thermal-mechanical model

et al. 2022

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This paper is the first in a series on the behavior of closed cavity facades (CCF) under termo-mechanical loading excitations. CCF are a novel trend for sustainable high quality double skin façade solutions, supplying high performances in terms of thermal and acoustic insulation and providing valuable benefits in terms of maintenance cost reduction. However, existing calculation methods adopted for double skin façade glazing verification under wind and climatic loads do not seem accurate to capture the particular behaviour of the CCF. In particular, the permeability of a CCF air cavity is several orders of magnitude less than the permeability of a ventilated double skin façade and current standards, such as EN1991-1-4, do not comprise any guideline for the optimized design of impermeable double skins. Both skins are recommended to be designed based on the full net pressure, or only discounting the internal pressure portion, without any provision for the load sharing effect. Moreover, climatic loads are conservatively applied ignoring permeability effects, overestimating in several cases the safety and serviceability behaviour under the daily and yearly temperature cycles. It is clear that the absence of a validated calculation approach enforces the demand for extremely safe assumptions, giving a paradox that a sustainable façade is currently designed by a non-sustainable calculation approach. In order to solve the shortcoming at hand, a comprehensive coupled pressure equalization-thermal-mechanical model has been developed and validated by means of experimental measurements. In this paper, the analytical basis of the model is described, starting from the scenario of a completely impermeable cavity and comparing the model outcomes with a reference software for the analysis of insulating glazing units. It will then be shown that the model can be extended to permeable cavities by accounting for a proper pressure equalization scheme through the openings. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the major façade geometry variables was conducted with the numerical model, considering a wide range of possible applicative scenarios in term of permeability and skin stiffness.

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Development of numerical model for determination of pressure equalization in facades during wet conditions

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Pre-Compressed Foam Sealing Tapes to Seal Joints between Building Envelope Components Watertight: An Experimental Assessment

Pre-Compressed Foam Sealing Tapes to Seal Joints between Building Envelope Components Watertight: An Experimental Assessment

Wind Load Assessment of Unitized Double Skin Facades

A simple numerical tool for superimposition of climatic load and wind load in Closed Cavity Facades: importance of a coupled PE-thermal-mechanical model

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