Development of Oil and Gas Stimulation Fluids Based on Polymers and Recycled Produced Water

Alkhowaildi, Mustafa; Tawabini, Bassam; Kamal, Muhammad Shahzad; Aljawad, Murtada Saleh; Bataweel, Mohammed

doi:10.3390/polym13224017

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…An environmentally friendly stimulation fluid has been developed by adding GLDA to polymeric gel solutions. 70 The results showed that GLDA improved the stability and viscosity of the gel solution. Additionally, another stimulation fluid was created by combining GLDA with a polymeric gel solutions.…”

Section: Chelating Agents Effects On Seawater Fluidmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…GLDA is environmentally friendly and more resistant to high temperatures and salinity. ,, Additionally, it has the ability to increase the viscosity of the stimulation fluid. An environmentally friendly stimulation fluid has been developed by adding GLDA to polymeric gel solutions . The results showed that GLDA improved the stability and viscosity of the gel solution.…”

Section: Chelating Agents Effects On Seawater Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seawater-Based Fracturing Fluid: A Review

Budiman,

Alajmei

2023

ACS Omega

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Hydraulic fracturing uses a large amount of fresh water for its operation; conventional wells can consume up to 200 000 gallons of water, while unconventional wells could consume up to 16 million gallons. However, the world's fresh water supply is rapidly depleting, making this a critical and growing problem. Freshwater shortages during large-scale hydraulic fracturing in regions that lack water, such as the Arabian Peninsula and offshore operations, need to be addressed. One of the ways to address this problem is to substitute fresh water with seawater, which is a sustainable, cheap, and technically sufficient fluid that can be utilized as a fracturing fluid. However, its high salinity caused by the multitude of ions in it could induce several problems, such as scaling and precipitation. This, in turn, could potentially affect the viscosity and rheology of the fluid. There are a variety of additives that can be used to lessen the effects of the various ions found in seawater. This review explains the mechanisms of different additives (e.g., polymers, surfactants, chelating agents, cross-linkers, scale inhibitors, gel stabilizers, and foams), how they interact with seawater, and the related implications in order to address the above challenges and develop a sustainable and compatible seawater-based fracturing fluid. This review also describes several previous technologies and works that have treated seawater in order to produce a fluid that is stable at higher temperatures, that has a considerably reduced scaling propensity, and that has utilized a stable polymer network to efficiently carry proppant downhole. In addition, some of these previous works included field testing to evaluate the performance of the seawater-based fracturing fluid.

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Section: Chelating Agents Effects On Seawater Fluidmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Chelating Agents Effects On Seawater Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seawater-Based Fracturing Fluid: A Review

Budiman,

Alajmei

2023

ACS Omega

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Carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum physicochemical properties in dilute aqueous media

Nsengiyumva,

Heitz,

Alexandridis

2024

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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The Impact of Green Chelating Agent and Corrosion Inhibitor on Foam Rheology and Stability at High Temperature, Pressure, and Salinity

et al. 2022

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Summary This research fills the gap in understanding the impact of corrosion inhibitors (CIs) and a chelating agent on the rheology and stability of foam under harsh conditions. In this regard, a modified high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) foam rheometer and HPHT foam analyzer were used to investigate foam rheology and stability at 1,000 psi and 120 to 150°C with carbon dioxide (CO2) in the gas phase. Surfactant screening showed that Duomeen TTM and Armovis are thermally stable at high temperature and high water salinity and thus were used in this study. The liquid phase generally contained produced water (PW) (total dissolved solids ~ 24,611 ppm), 15 wt% chelating agent [L-glutamic acid-N, N-diacetic acid (GLDA)], and 1 wt% surfactant with and without a CI. First, we screened the viscosity and stability of Duomeen TTM and Armovis; the results showed that Duomeen TTM has a higher viscosity (at least by 82%) at a low shear rate, but both have similar viscosity at a higher shear rate. However, Armovis produced more stable foam. Once the GLDA was added to the Duomeen TTM solution, the viscosity increased significantly by 135% at a high shear rate (1,000–1,500). For the Armovis system, the viscosity improved by 77% and 68% at the low and high shear rates by adding GLDA. Additionally, foam stability was improved remarkably in both systems; half-life time almost doubled. Finally, we reported the effect of CI on the fluid systems, showing it considerably reduced the foam viscosity and stability. It reduced the half-life of the Armovis system by 79.4% and hindered the generation of foam for the Duomeen TTM system. A detailed discussion of foam properties, such as foamability, bubble count, and bubble radius, is provided. This study provides a wide-ranging understanding of additives’ impact on stimulating foam stability at HPHT.

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Development of Oil and Gas Stimulation Fluids Based on Polymers and Recycled Produced Water

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Seawater-Based Fracturing Fluid: A Review

Seawater-Based Fracturing Fluid: A Review

Carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum physicochemical properties in dilute aqueous media

The Impact of Green Chelating Agent and Corrosion Inhibitor on Foam Rheology and Stability at High Temperature, Pressure, and Salinity

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