Development of Phosphorus Recycling in Europe and Japan

Nättorp, Anders; Kabbe, Christian; Matsubae, Kazuyo; Ohtake, Hisao

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-8031-9_1

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…France, Spain, and UK have 2 examples of installed P-recovery technologies, and Italy has 1 plant. In North America, 15 full-scale units are operating: these plants mainly produce struvite (Pearl and Airprex are typical installed technologies in this area) [95,96]. Only a limited amount of P-recovery technologies has been applied in the Baltic Sea region, mainly in Germany.…”

Section: Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Sustainable and Circular Management of Phosphorus in the Baltic Sea Region: The Holistic Approach of the InPhos Project

et al. 2020

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Despite the significant reduction of phosphorus (P) discharge in the Baltic Sea in the last decades, obtained through the implementation of some approaches within the Helsinki Convention, eutrophication is still considered the biggest problem for the Baltic Sea environment. Consequently, the reduction of P load is an urgent need to solve, but the complexity of both the environmental and legislative context of the area makes this process difficult (more than in the past). Eutrophication is an intricate issue requiring a proper framework of governance that is not easy to determine in the Baltic Sea Region where the needs of several different countries converge. To identify the most suitable strategy to reduce the eutrophication in the Baltic Sea, the InPhos project (no. 17022, 2018–2019, funded by the European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT) Raw Materials) adopted a holistic approach considering technical, political, economic, environmental and social aspects of P management. With the aims to raise awareness about the P challenge, foster the dialogue among all the stakeholders, and find solutions already developed in other countries (such as Germany and Switzerland) to be transferred in the Baltic Sea Region, the InPhos project consortium applied the methodology proposed in this paper, consisting of three main phases: (i) analysis of the available technologies to remove P from waste streams that contribute to eutrophication; (ii) analysis of the main streams involving P in Baltic Sea countries to highlight the potential of more sustainable and circular P management; (iii) study of the current context (e.g., already-existing initiatives and issues). This approach allowed us to identify four categories of recommendations and practical actions proposed to improve P management in the Baltic Sea region. During the project, the consortium mainly addressed social aspects. Following steps beyond the project will be more quantitative to determine the techno-economic feasibility of circular P management in selected demo cases in the region.

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Section: Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Sustainable and Circular Management of Phosphorus in the Baltic Sea Region: The Holistic Approach of the InPhos Project

et al. 2020

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“…Japan is an early mover that since the 1980s has realized the importance, potential, and advantages of P-recovery. In Japan, strong nationwide collaborative programs between industry, academia, and government are in place, and business models and market development strategies for integrated P-recovery and recycling from WWTPs, steel production, agriculture, and chemical industries have been established producing both struvite and calcium phosphate (HAP: hydroxyapatite) [24,25]. Learning and adapting Japan's experiences in the NR sector could be a useful strategy for other regions and countries.…”

Section: Current Global Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Sewage Sludge Management: From Current Practices to Emerging Nutrient Recovery Technologies

Shaddel

Bakhtiary-Davijany

Kabbe³

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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126

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Nutrient recovery from secondary resources, such as wastewater, has received increasing attention in recent years. Nutrient cycle sustainability and recycling approaches are important measures under development and considerations. This paper aims to present an overview of routes and technologies for nutrient recovery from sewage sludge and measures for improving their sustainability. First, current routes for nutrient recovery from sewage sludge are briefly reviewed. Next, an overview of commercial nutrient recovery technologies, projects, and emerging techniques around the world with the key factors for a successful phosphorus recovery technology is presented. Finally, a proposal for improving the sustainability of these practices is presented. It is concluded that the gap between demand and supply can be a major driver for the shift from ‘removal and treat’ to ‘recovery and reuse’. Moreover, there is not, and will never be, a one-size-fits-all solution. Future strategies and roadmaps need to be adapted to the local economy and geographical context more than ever.

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“…The utilization of these waste streams as renewable P resources is considered as well as to decrease phosphate rock mining and therefore alleviate the consequential environmental problems. Germany and China have both applied nutrient recycling from agri-/non agri-residues back to crop cultivation in their development process for farming and animal husbandry [34] . The general phosphate recycling concept is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Renewable Phosphate Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reserves (billion tons) Production (million tons) Note: a Data from Nättorp et al [34] ; b data from Zheng et al [32] . In pre-industrial times, phosphate used for agricultural production was mainly recycled from human excrement and livestock and poultry manure as organic fertilizer [35] .…”

Section: Renewable Phosphate Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The current phosphate recycling situation in China and Germany: a comparative review

Xue¹,

He²,

Sachs³

et al. 2019

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

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Phosphorus (P) is an indispensable element for organisms but the primary source of P-mineral phosphate resources-are non-renewable. Agricultural production has a high demand for fossil phosphate resources, but the resulting phosphate-rich residues are lack of management. This leads to rapid reserves depletion and severe phosphate pollution risks. One sustainable way is to reuse the phosphate dispersed in various residues such as sewage sludge and livestock manure. Diverse techniques have emerged to recover phosphate from wastes to close the phosphate cycle. While it is a global issue, the regional situations regarding potential phosphate scarcity and its management differ strongly. China is rich in phosphate resources, but over-exploitation has greatly increased the risk of phosphate rocks depletion, while in Germany the P resources depend on imports, but there is commitment to keep a balance between import and utilization. This had led to great differences in the way the two countries deal with the "re-use" of phosphate in waste. China is now in a transition phase from the simple terminal pollution control to "waste" reuse and nutrient resources recycling. One sign of this tendency is the mandatory garbage classification and preparation for further processing and recycling. This was first implemented in Shanghai in 2019, whereas Germany has been following the legal framework for waste management since the 19th century. There are a series of laws to control the nutrient loss from municipal and agricultural activities, as for instance with sewage sludge ordinance and fertilizer legislation. Many of these laws have been newly revised recently. Sewage sludge cannot be directly utilized on farmland as organic fertilizer any more. Alternatively, phosphate and other nutrients should be recovered from sewage sludge. Advanced phosphate recovery technologies and related nutrient recycling schemes are proceeding. This review summarizes the current situation of phosphate-containing residues management and phosphate reuse in China and Germany. The state legislation and policies, which would affect the phosphate recycling concept are presented as well. As there are various kinds of phosphate-containing residues, different phosphate recovery technologies can be applied. Those technologies are discussed from their mechanism and suitability.

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Development of Phosphorus Recycling in Europe and Japan

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Strategies for Sustainable and Circular Management of Phosphorus in the Baltic Sea Region: The Holistic Approach of the InPhos Project

Strategies for Sustainable and Circular Management of Phosphorus in the Baltic Sea Region: The Holistic Approach of the InPhos Project

Sustainable Sewage Sludge Management: From Current Practices to Emerging Nutrient Recovery Technologies

The current phosphate recycling situation in China and Germany: a comparative review

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