Development of polybenzoxazine–silica–titania (PBZ–SiO2–TiO2) hybrid nanomaterials with high surface free energy

Abstract

In the present work, silica and titania reinforced polybenzoxazine (PBZ-SiO 2 -TiO 2 ) hybrid nanomaterial possessing high surface free energy have been developed using dimethylol-functional benzoxazine monomer (4HBA-BZ), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), 3-(isocyanatopropyl)triethoxysilane (ICPTS), titaniumisopropoxide (TIPO) through an in situ sol-gel process. Data obtained from the contact angle measurement indicate that the hybrid materials are hydrophilic in nature and possess a high surface free energy. For example, hybrid PBZ obtained from 1:1:0.6:0.4 (m:m:w:w) ratio of 4HBA-BZ:ICPTS:TEOS:TIPO (PB ST 4 ) exhibit a high surface free energy of 38.2 mJm -2 which is higher than that of neat polybenzoxazine (29.5 mJm -2 ). Further data resulted from thermal studies indicate that the hybrid PBZ possess higher values of T g , thermal stability and char yield than those of neat PBZ.

Amino-Functionalized Lead Phthalocyanine-Modified Benzoxazine Resin: Curing Kinetics, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties

“…Thermosetting resins, such as phenolic resins, epoxides, bismaleimides, cyanates, vinyl esters, and polyimides, are high-performance polymers with a wide range of applications in aerospace, structural, adhesives, electronics, and coatings fields. In recent years, polybenzoxazine resins have gained immense attention in academia and industry, because they combine the thermal and mechanical strength of phenolic resins with much wider molecular design flexibility and overcome several disadvantages of traditional phenolic resins [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. These resins have a number of excellent properties such as high carbon yield, low water absorption, high mechanical strength, high glass transition temperature ( T g ), very low shrinkage, and no byproduct formation during the curing process.…”

Phthalide cardo chain extended imine skeletal linked maleimido end capped nanotitania reinforced novel polybenzoxazine (nTiO2/PBZ) hybrid nanocomposites

“…19,20 Most importantly, polybenzoxazine exhibits both intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonding in which the intermolecular hydrogen bonding could be favorable for self-assembly of polybenzoxazine composites. 21 Hence, it is an interesting route to introduce the benzoxazine group into the porous titania, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane compound for developing of self-assembled polybenzoxazine nanocomposites with the benefit of low dielectric constant value. Pristine polybenzoxazine with dielectric constant of 3.5, can be utilized as an ideal dielectric material for microelectronics applications.…”

Preparation and properties of silane-modified cardanol–benzoxazine for hydrophobic coating

“…Hydrophobic coating can be applied in self-cleaning coating, corrosion prevention, oil–water separation, and other fields. Many methods are reported to fabricate hydrophobic coating such as template preparation, 1 layer-by-layer self-assembly, 2 phase separation, 3,4 electrohydrodynamics, 5 electrochemical deposition, 6,7 crystallization control, 8 chemical vapor deposition, 9 and plasma polymerization/etching of polymer films. 10 A disadvantage of these approaches is that they are difficult for mass production and thus are limited in practical applications.…”