Development of Polycaprolactone/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Clay Microparticles by Spray Drying

Abstract

In this study, nanostructured microparticles was developed with polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) and nanoparticles of the commercial sodium clay NT-25® by using the spray drying technique. The systems obtained were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Laser Light Scattering (DLS) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The NMR 13 C and FTIR techniques showed that both polymers were present in the microparticles and the DSC analysis revealed a small variation in the glass transition temperature of the PCL. The XRD and SEM analyses showed that the microparticles produced were amorphous and had a concave morphology. The NT-25 nanoload reduced the microparticles' size due to the multiple interactions formed in the hybrid nanocomposite material. Therefore, it was possible to develop microparticles by using biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, with different polarities, allowing the incorporation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials and enabling the inclusion of otherwise incompatible materials in the same system.

Development of polyvinylpyrrolidone, inorganic nanoparticles, and lithium carbonate nanostructured systems

“…The characteristic diffraction peaks of MMT clay were at 2 θ = 6 , 20.1 , 21.95 , 26.75 , 28.95 , and 35.5 , which were absent in the PVP/MMT nanocomposites at all concentrations. 24,25 This demonstrates disordering in the clay layers, which can be related to the development of nanocomposites, indicating intercalated and exfoliated clay lamella. PVP exhibits an amorphous nature, which can be seen in the two broad peaks at approximately 13 and 21 .…”

“…The spray dryer instrument was equipped with a standard 1.0 mm spray nozzle, and the operating conditions were as follows inlet air temperature, 120 C; outlet air temperature, 88-96 C; spray feed rate, 10 mL/min; spray air pressure 16.5 N/cm 2 and flow rate of 0.5 m 3 /min. 6,25 Lithium carbonate was incorporated in a proportion of 30 wt% of the polymer mass in the most homogeneous PVP/MMT and PVP/TiO 2 systems. The drug was dispersed and homogenized in Ultra Turrax with PVP and MMT clay or PVP and TiO 2 nanoparticles, using the same conditions as for pure nanocomposites, and then processed in a spray dryer under the same conditions.…”

“…The geranium crystal was the reference material (calibration) for ATR analysis, and the samples were placed on both sides of the crystal. 6,25…”

“…Images were collected using a voltage of 15 kV and 2000-6000 x magnification. 6,25 The mean diameters of the particles were evaluated using the Image-J software.…”

PVP/Clay/Vanadium Oxide Nanocomposites Development and Characterization for Potential Use as Controlled Drug Release Matrix in Diabetes’ Treatment

“…As with immediate release formulations, oral administration is the primary form of delivery of sustained release drugs to the body as well. Due to the easy availability, there are better adjustment of the doses administered, better acceptance by patients and cost-efficient production, among other reasons [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]. Among these systems, especially those that do controlled diffusion and dissolution, those of hydrophilic matrices stand out.…”