Development of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Terephthalate Microfibrillar Composites Filament to Support Waste Management

Almajid, Abdulhakim A.; Walter, Rolf; Kroos, Tim; Junaidi, Harry; Gurka, Martin; Khalil, Khalil Abdelrazek

doi:10.3390/polym13020233

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…160 °C, deformation of the PET material was observed due to the approach to the melting temperature (approx. 246–256 °C, depending on the manufacturer) 43 . This was not observed for the samples containing SC3 for which the maximum temperature was 90 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new look at imines and their mixture with PC71BM for organic, flexible photovoltaics

Bogdanowicz,

Lalik,

Ratajczyk

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Due to its high electron affinity and electron mobility in a wide absorption range of the visible solar spectrum, [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) is often used as an efficient acceptor in organic photovoltaics. In turn, imines are additives to the active layer of organic solar cells, mainly due to the free electron pair of the imine nitrogen atom and the presence of various chemical groups affecting the polarity and conformations of molecules. However, the attainable efficiency is not as high as expected. Therefore, we have systematically investigated two imines and their mixtures with PC71BM by spectroscopic (the high pressure UV–Vis and frequency domain dielectric), thermoelectric, and mechanical methods for organic, flexible photovoltaics. Both the imines, (N,NʹE,N,NʹE)-N,Nʹ-([2,2ʹ:5ʹ,2ʺ-terthiophene]-5,5ʺ-diylbis(methanylylidene))bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-imine) (SC3) and (6E)-N-((5-(5-(5-((E)-(4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)phenylimino)methyl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylene)-4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)benzenamine (SC13), have the same core composed of three thiophene rings but different terminal chains of the molecules. In the imine SC3, the imine bond is followed by benzothiazole rings on both sides of the core, while in SC13, a thiazole ring separates two benzene rings, the terminal one F-substituted. The difference in molecular structure affects the electric properties of the neat imine and its mixed layers. An addition of PC71BM to the imines improves their electric conductivity. The mechanical studies focused on the stress at break and elongation showed superior behaviour compared to fullerene derivative. High pressure systematically reduces the band gap energy, Eg, from 1.68 eV at 0.16 GPa to 1.51 eV at 2.69 GPa for PC71BM, from 1.77 eV at 0.1 MPa to 1.53 eV at 4.15 GPa for SC3, and from 1.99 eV at 0.11 GPa to 1.8 eV at 3.10 GPa for SC13, as determined by the UV–Vis absorbance measurements in a diamond-anvil cell. These Eg reductions reflect the compressed intermolecular interactions that can be used to monitor the structural stability of these compounds. Based on the dielectric studies it was found that the relaxation processes registered for both imines are probably the grain boundary relaxation. Two processes also appear in the systems with PC71BM, but none of them is the one characteristic of imines. The high-frequency process has a dipole character while the low-frequency one is probably the grain boundary relaxation of these systems. The mechanism of quasi-DC conduction in various temperature ranges in the studied systems was also determined.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new look at imines and their mixture with PC71BM for organic, flexible photovoltaics

Bogdanowicz,

Lalik,

Ratajczyk

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Ceramics is one of the classes which is nonmetallic and inorganic materials and is indispensable in our daily life. Furthermore, engineered ceramics have received substantial focus because of their applications [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Magnesium Aluminate (MgAl2O4) Nanoparticles for refractory crucible application

Khan,

Mohd Zain,

Siddiqui

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Ceramics are the oxides of metals and nonmetals with excellent compressive strength. Ceramics usually exhibit inert behavior at high temperatures. Magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4), a member of the ceramic family, possesses a high working temperature up to 2000°C, low thermal conductivity, high strength even at elevated temperatures, and good corrosion resistance. Moreover, Magnesium Aluminate Nanoparticles (MANPs) can be used in the making of refractory crucible applications. This study focuses on the thermal behavior of Magnesium Aluminate Nanoparticles (MANPs) and their application in the making of refractory crucibles. The molten salt method is used to obtain MANPs. The presence of MANPs is seen by XRD peaks ranging from 66° to 67°. The determination of the smallest crystallite size of the sample is achieved by utilizing the Scherrer formula and is found to be 15.3 nm. The SEM micrographs provided further information, indicating an average particle size of 91.2 nm. At 600°C, DSC curves show that only 0.05 W/g heat flows into the material, and the TGA curve shows only 3% weight loss, which is prominent for thermal insulation applications. To investigate the thermal properties, crucibles of pure MANPs and the different compositions of MANPs and pure alumina are prepared. During the sintering, cracks appear on the crucible of pure magnesium aluminate. To explore the reason for crack development, tablets of MgAl2O4 are made and sintered at 1150°C. Ceramography shows the crack-free surfaces of all the tablets. Results confirm the thermal stability of MANPs at high temperatures and their suitability for melting crucible applications.

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“…These composites combine the load bearing capacity of a ductile metal matrix with the high strength of diamond reinforcement [29]. Also, some hybrid composite materials were developed using additive manufacturing-3D printing process for high strength-to-weight ratio process with some other aspects of mechanical properties [30,31]. However, their extensive study is still required to explore their improved properties for applications as energy absorbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Strengthening Effect of Coated Diamond Particles on the Porous Aluminum Composites

et al. 2023

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In this work, porous Al alloy-based composites with varying Ti-coated diamond contents (0, 4, 6, 12 and 15 wt.%) were prepared, employing the powder metallurgy route and using a fixed amount (25 wt.%) of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as a space holder. The effects of the varying wt.% of diamond particles on the microstructure, porosities, densities and compressive behaviors were systematically evaluated. The microstructure study revealed that the porous composites exhibited a well-defined and uniform porous structure with good interfacial bonding between the Al alloy matrix and diamond particles. The porosities ranged from 18% to 35%, with an increase in the diamond content. The maximum value of plateau stress of 31.51 MPa and an energy absorption capacity of 7.46 MJ/m3 were acquired for a composite with 12 wt.% of Ti-coated diamond content; beyond this wt.%, the properties declined. Thus, the presence of diamond particles, especially in the cell walls of porous composites, strengthened their cell walls and improved their compressive properties.

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Development of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Terephthalate Microfibrillar Composites Filament to Support Waste Management

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

A new look at imines and their mixture with PC71BM for organic, flexible photovoltaics

A new look at imines and their mixture with PC71BM for organic, flexible photovoltaics

Development of Magnesium Aluminate (MgAl2O4) Nanoparticles for refractory crucible application

Microstructure and Strengthening Effect of Coated Diamond Particles on the Porous Aluminum Composites

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