Development of porous glass-ceramic using silica sand for wall tiles application

Ibrahim, Mohd Hakim; Mustaffar, Mohd Idham; Ismail, Anis Nadhirah; Ismail, Syarifah Aminah; Othman, Nabihah

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.759

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Figure 3a also reveals some boulder-like particles with dark nuance due to their amorphous structure. These are related to glass particles, which are often used as paste stabilizers during tile firing [29,35]. The observed frit particles range from 5 to 70 µm.…”

Section: Microstructure and Composition Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microstructural Investigations Regarding Sustainable Recycling of Ceramic Slurry Collected from Industrial Waste Waters

Avram,

Barbu Tudoran,

Cuc

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Ceramic slurry wastes have a significant hazardous potential when dumped. Their recycling as raw material is a sustainable approach for the development of nature-friendly applications. The microstructure and mechanical properties play a key role in the success of this sustainable recycling. Ceramic slurry samples resulting from the wall and floor tiles production facility were analyzed. The mineral composition was investigated by XRD combined with mineralogical microscopy and the microstructure was investigated by SEM microscopy coupled with EDX spectroscopy and elemental mapping. The ceramic slurry contains: quartz, kaolinite, mullite and small amounts of lepidocrocite. Quartz and mullite particles have sizes in the range of 5–100 μm and kaolinite has small particles of around 1 to 30 μm. Iron hydroxide crystallized as lepidocrocite is finely distributed among kaolinite aggregates. It makes the slurry unable to be reused in the technological process because of the glaze staining risk, but it does not affect the material cohesion. Thus, the cylindrical samples were prepared at progressive compactions rates as follows: 1808.55; 1853.46; 1930.79 and 2181.24 kg/m3 and dried. Thereafter, were subjected to a compression test with a lower compression strength of 0.75 MPa for lower density and a higher strength of 1.36 MPa for the higher density. Thus, slurry compaction enhances the kaolinite binding ability. The Young’s Modulus slightly decreases with the compaction increasing due to local microstructure rigidizing. This proves the binding ability of kaolinite, which properly embeds quartz and mullite particles into a coherent and resistant structure. The fractography analysis reveals that fracture starts on the internal pores at low compaction rates and throughout the kaolinite layer in the samples with high compactness. The observed properties indicate that the investigated ceramic slurry is proper as a clay-based binder for sustainable ecological buildings, avoiding the exploitation of new clay quarries. Also, it might be utilized for ecological brick production.

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Section: Microstructure and Composition Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microstructural Investigations Regarding Sustainable Recycling of Ceramic Slurry Collected from Industrial Waste Waters

Avram,

Barbu Tudoran,

Cuc

et al. 2024

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Besides clays and quartz, Ziman et al show that the raw materials involved in this process might contain various amounts of calcite and feldspars, such as orthose, which also might be found as suspended matters in the used water [4]. Some of the ceramic tiles' technological processes use broken glass as a melting mediator, identifying particles that could contain small traces of chloride [12,13]. Tile biscuits which have defects after firing are ground and recirculated within the raw material in different proportions according to charge prescriptions [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Used Water Sediments from Ceramic Tile Fabrication

Avram,

Birle,

Tudoran

et al. 2024

Water

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Used water treatment is one of the most important aspects of environmental protection regarding industrial processes. Particulate matter dispersions affect water parameters; for example, increased pH values such as 10.21 are found for used floor tile water, and values of 10.84 are found for used wall tile water. However, pH decreases to about 9.42 after the sediment filtration process. This influences water turbidity, which is higher for used wall tile water due to its finer suspensions, and it is considerably decreased after the filtration process. Thus, the main aim of the present research is to investigate particulate matter dispersion into the water flows that are involved in ceramic tile technological processes before and after treatment at used water treatment facilities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) coupled with mineralogical optical microscopy (MOM) reveals that waters from wall tiles and floor tiles have similar mineral dispersions, containing mineral particles of quartz (5–50 μm), kaolinite (1–30 μm), and mullite (5–125 μm). Glass particles (having a dark appearance at MOM investigation) were also found in both samples in a size range of 20–55 μm. High-resolution SEM imaging coupled with the EDS elemental analysis confirms the XRD and MOM observations. Water samples collected after treatment at the treatment facility reveal a significant reduction in the particulate matter MOM, evidencing only small traces of quartz, kaolinite, and mullite in a size range of 1–15 μm, with most of the particles being attached to the filters, as confirmed by XRD. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) effectuated on this sample reveals the presence of kaolinite nanoparticles with a tabular–lamellar aspect and sizes ranging from 40 to 90 nm. The obtained results prove the efficacy of the filtering system regarding targeted particulate matters, ensuring water recirculation into the technological processes. The sludge resulting from the filtration process presents with a dense grainy structure of sediment particles containing quartz, mullite, and kaolinite, along with traces of iron hydroxide crystallized as goethite. Therefore, it cannot be reused in the technological flux, as the iron causes glaze staining; but the observed microstructure, along with the mineralogical composition, indicates that it could be used for other applications, such as ecological bricks or plasters, which will be further investigated.

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Development of porous glass-ceramic using silica sand for wall tiles application

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Microstructural Investigations Regarding Sustainable Recycling of Ceramic Slurry Collected from Industrial Waste Waters

Microstructural Investigations Regarding Sustainable Recycling of Ceramic Slurry Collected from Industrial Waste Waters

Investigation of Used Water Sediments from Ceramic Tile Fabrication

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