Development of Power Consumption Models for ESP8266-Enabled Low-Cost IoT Monitoring Nodes

Abstract

The development of energy and cost efficient IoT nodes is very important for the successful deployment of IoT solutions across various application domains. This paper presents energy models, which will enable the estimation of battery life, for both time-based and event-based low-cost IoT monitoring nodes. These nodes are based on the low-cost ESP8266 (ESP) modules which integrate both transceiver and microcontroller on a single small-size chip and only cost about $2. The active/sleep energy saving approach was used in the design of the IoT monitoring nodes because the power consumption of ESP modules is relatively high and often impacts negatively on the cost of operating the nodes. A low energy application layer protocol, that is, Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) was also employed for energy efficient wireless data transport. The finite automata theory was used to model the various states and behavior of the ESP modules used in IoT monitoring applications. The applicability of the models presented was tested in real life application scenarios and results are presented. In a temperature and humidity monitoring node, for example, the model shows a significant reduction in average current consumption from 70.89 mA to 0.58 mA for sleep durations of 0 and 30 minutes, respectively. The battery life of batteries rated in mAh can therefore be easily calculated from the current consumption figures.

Performance Assessment of ESP8266 Wireless Mesh Networks

“…Many concerns have been raised about the data link layer. Media access control (MAC) protocols are used for single-hop communication, so this layer should be designed in such a way that allows multipoint communication between nodes [17][18][19]. Scalability and quality of service (QoS) are other challenges [20].…”

Rancang Bangun Sistem Pendeteksi Banjir Otomatis Berbasis Internet Of Things

“…Berbagai macam penggunaan seperti rumah cerdas, bidang kesehatan, dan perkebunan yang menggunakan ESP8266 akan mendapatkan keuntungan dari model yang ditawarkan. Model tersebut dapat dimodifikasi dan digunakan pada perangkat IoT lainnya dan ini menjadi masukan untuk penulis dalam merancang sistem ini [6].…”

Minimização do Consumo de Energia de Dispositivos Sem Fio em Ambientes Industriais

“…Um requisito crucial para a IIoTé o consumo de energia dos dispositivos. O consumo de energia de um dispositivo IIoT (E) em um determinado período de tempo (t) pode ser considerado como na Equação 1 [Akintade et al 2019], em que T X, RX , CP U e S são a quantidade de energia gasta na transmissão de dados, recepção de dados, processamento de dados e modo de hibernação, respectivamente. Da mesma forma, t T X , t RX , t CP U e t S são a quantidade de tempo que o dispositivo IIoT executou a transmissão, recepção, processamento de dados e estava no modo de hibernação, respectivamente.…”

“…Por exemplo, os dispositivos ESP8266-1 e ESP8266X-WEMOS operam com voltagem de 80 mA, sendo compatíveis com o modo de hibernação profunda (voltagem de 20 mu A com rádio e CPU parcialmente desativados), enquanto utilizam 15 mA para processamento de CPU, 56 mA para recepção de dados e 120 mA para transmissão de dados [Akintade et al 2019].…”