Development of printed and flexible dry ECG electrodes

Chlaihawi, Amer A.; Narakathu, Binu B.; Sepehr, Ebrahim; Bazuin, Bradley J.; Atashbar, Massood Z.

doi:10.1016/j.sbsr.2018.05.001

Cited by 160 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Therefore, high-quality electrodes are significant for precisely monitoring the physiological parameters of the human body. At present, ECG, EEG, electromyogram (EMG), or electro-ophthalmogram (EOG) signals are measured on a standard silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) wet electrode for medical diagnosis [1]. Such electrodes usually reduce the contact impedance between the skin and electrode by using conductive gels [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, ECG, EEG, electromyogram (EMG), or electro-ophthalmogram (EOG) signals are measured on a standard silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) wet electrode for medical diagnosis [1]. Such electrodes usually reduce the contact impedance between the skin and electrode by using conductive gels [1]. Standard Ag/AgCl wet electrodes enable low electrode-skin contact impedance and the acquisition of signals with high stability and repeatability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Low Contact Impedance Medical Flexible Electrode Based on a Pyramid Array Micro-Structure

et al. 2020

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Flexible electrodes are extensively used to detect signals in electrocardiography, electroencephalography, electro-ophthalmography, and electromyography, among others. These electrodes can also be used in wearable and implantable medical systems. The collected signals directly affect doctors’ diagnoses of patient etiology and are closely associated with patients’ life safety. Electrodes with low contact impedance can acquire good quality signals. Herein, we established a method of arraying pyramidal microstructures on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates to increase the contact area of electrodes, and a parylene transitional layer is coated between PDMS substrates and metal membranes to enhance the bonding force, finally reducing the impedance of flexible electrodes. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed methods were effective. The contact area of the fabricated electrode increased by 18.15% per unit area, and the contact impedance at 20 Hz to 1 kHz scanning frequency ranged from 23 to 8 kΩ, which was always smaller than that of a commercial electrode. Overall, these results indicated the excellent performance of the fabricated electrode given its low contact impedance and good biocompatibility. This study can also serve as a reference for further electrode research and application in wearable and implantable medical systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low Contact Impedance Medical Flexible Electrode Based on a Pyramid Array Micro-Structure

et al. 2020

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“…In this approach, several electrodes are realized on an earplug and conduct the electrical cortical signal in the auditory canal and the auricle. Concepts range from flexible silicone plugs with conductive silicones or coatings [8][9][10] to hard shells that are adapted to the respective ears with individually attached electrodes that have been cut out or metal pastes that have been applied manually [2,12]. Especially, porous silver chloride is often used, which degrades over time, and conductive gel [11] must be used for acceptable measurements, which excludes long-term measurements, as this dries out over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Porous Platinum Electrodes for Dry Ear-EEG Measurements

Eickenscheidt

Schäfer

Baslan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The interest in dry EEG electrodes has increased in recent years and especially as everyday suitability earplugs for measuring drowsiness or focus of auditory attention. However, the challenge is still the need for a good electrode material, which is reliable and can be easily processed for highly personalized applications. Laser processing as used here is a fast and very precise method to produce personalized electrode configurations that meet the high requirements of in-ear EEG electrodes, for example. The arrangement of the electrodes on the very flexible and compressible mats allows an exact alignment of the electrodes to the ear mold and contributes to a high wearing comfort, as no edges or metal protrusions are present. For better transmission properties, an adapted coating process for surface enlargement of platinum electrodes is used, which allows easy control of the thickness and growth form of the porous layer. The porous platinum-copper alloy is chemically very stable, shows no exposed copper residues and enlarges the effective surface area by 40. In a proof-of-principle experiment, these porous platinum electrodes could be used to measure the Berger effect in a dry state using just one ear of a test person. Their signal-to-noise ration and frequency transfer function is comparable to gel-based silver/silver chloride electrodes.

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“…In modern medical applications, the desire for efficient biomedical systems along with the problem of increasing health costs has moti-vated the development of biopotential electrodes [1,3], smart bio-sensing devices [4], smart textile materials [5] [6], microelectronics circuits [7] and smart wireless communications techniques [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the earliest works that examined ECG electrode for biometric systems dates back to 1977 [6]. However, a clean ECG signal requires the use of clean room facilities and bulky equipment thereby making the manufacturing process relatively expensive and time-consuming [7]. In general, healthy ECG heartbeat has six characteristic or fiducial points, namely P, Q, R, S, T, and U.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Behavioral Biometric System based on Gait and ECG signals

Guelta¹,

Tlemsani²,

Chouraqui³

et al. 2019

IJIES

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This paper presents multi-modal biometric authentication approach using gait and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, which can diminish the drawback of unimodal biometric approach as well as to improve authentication system performance. In acquisition phase, data sets are collected from three different databases, ECG-ID, MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database and UCI Machine Learning Repository (Gait). In Feature extraction phase of both signals (ECG and Gait) is performed by using 1D-local binary pattern. Features are obtained by merging two modalities as one feature. In classification approach, three classifiers are developed to classify subjects. K-nearest neighbour (KNN), relying on Euclidean distance, PNN (Probabilistic Neural Network), RBF (Radial Basis Function) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), relying on One-against-all (OAA). The proposed multimodal system has been tested over 18 subjects, and its identification accuracy was about 100%. Our result demonstrate that our approach outperforms rather than unimodal biometric system in terms of Correct Recognition Rate, Equal Error Rate, False Acceptance Rate and False Reject Rate.

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Development of printed and flexible dry ECG electrodes

Cited by 160 publications

References 34 publications

A Low Contact Impedance Medical Flexible Electrode Based on a Pyramid Array Micro-Structure

A Low Contact Impedance Medical Flexible Electrode Based on a Pyramid Array Micro-Structure

Highly Porous Platinum Electrodes for Dry Ear-EEG Measurements

An Improved Behavioral Biometric System based on Gait and ECG signals

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