Development of Probiotic Candidate in Combination with Essential Oils from Medicinal Plant and Their Effect on Enteric Pathogens: A Review

Abstract

<jats:p>Medicinal plants and probiotics both have very high potential in terms of their antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant enteric pathogens. The probiotics being enteric microorganism do not have any parasitic effect on human beings. They have been an integral part of daily food for centuries. They have been shown to have health beneficiary properties. The probiotics retard the growth of the microorganisms, while essential oil kills them. Combining the effect of medicinal plant extract and probiotics may be a new approach due to their complementary antimicrobial effects and practically no side effects. The synergistic effect of the essential oil and probiotics will be necessarily higher than using them alone as health product.</jats:p>

Antimicrobial Activity against Beneficial Microorganisms and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Mentha suaveolens ssp. insularis Grown in Sardinia

“…A recent work of Hawrelak and others () reported that tested EOs have very high MIC against LAB (>4% for most of the oils tested) while the MIC against pathogens and spoilage bacteria varies from 0.1% to 3%. It is therefore possible that, if the dosage of EO is low, then it may effectively control the pathogens without harming the beneficial probiotics (Shipradeep and others ). Finally, most EO constituents have several targets.…”

Essential oils inhibit the bovine respiratory pathogensMannheimia haemolytica,Pasteurella multocidaandHistophilus somniand have limited effects on commensal bacteria and turbinate cellsin vitro

“…Because of higher tolerance of LAB that are commonly used as probiotics, a combination of EOs and probiotics could provide more effective protection against bacterial pathogens due to their complementary antimicrobial effects and minimal side effects (Shipradeep et al . ). We have previously shown the commensal strains used in our study have probiotic potential, including the inhibition of M. haemolytica (Amat et al .…”

Bovine Respiratory Disease in Feedlot Cattle: Antimicrobial Resistance in Bovine Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens and Alternative Antimicrobial Approaches

“…The EOs can accomplish a complete killing of the pathogens even at a lower dosage as the pathogens are normally lack of counteracting mechanism against the effects of EOs [59]. Combining EOs with probiotics is expected to increase the efficacy of probiotics in controlling the bacterial pathogens owing to their synergistic effect which is normally higher than the two individual effects due to their complementary actions [61].…”