“…The research literature on personal therapy may be divided into four types of studies (Macran & Shapiro, 1998): surveys of therapist satisfaction with personal therapy (e.g., Orlinsky et al, 1999;Pope & Tabachnik, 1994); outcome studies, comparing therapeutic outcomes for therapists who have or have not received personal therapy (Sandell et al, 2006; for a review, see Macran & Shapiro, 1998); experimental outcome studies, examining therapist responses to analogue psychotherapeutic situations (e.g., McDevitt, 1987;Strupp, 1955Strupp, , 1973; and process studies, looking at within-session client-therapist interactions (e.g., Wogan & Norcross, 1985;Wheeler, 1991).…”