Development of pure rutile $$\hbox {TiO}_{2}$$ TiO 2 and Magneli titanium sub-oxide microstructures over titanium oxide-seeded glass substrates using surfactant-free hydrothermal process

Abstract

Titanium oxide seed layer was coated over glass substrates by sol-gel spin coating method. Single-step surfactant-free hydrothermal process developed titanium oxide microstructures over the titanium oxide-seeded glass substrates. Various morphologies of titanium oxide microstructures, varying from coral reefs to flower-like morphology were evolved by changing HCl concentration (1 and 3 M) in the precursor solution and growth temperature (GT) (120, 150 and 180 • C) of the hydrothermal process. Structural studies confirmed the formation of rutile TiO 2, TiO 2 + Ti 2 O 3 and Ti 4 O 7 microstructures due to varying the concentration of HCl (1 and 3 M) in the solution and GTs. Morphological studies revealed the possibility of engineering coral reefs, cauliflower, flowers, ball, cactus and jasmine flower-shaped microstructures of titanium oxide films by tuning the growth parameters. The indirect band gap of the titanium oxide microstructures derived from UV-Vis absorption spectra lies in the range of 2.9-3.02 eV.

Anomalous Behaviour in Structural and Optical Properties of Cr and N co- doped TiO 2 thin films Under Thermally Induced Conditions synthesized by Spin Coating

“…The results show that there are some abnormal results where anatase peaks 25.5° and rutile peaks 27.5° are almost vanished or very weak intensity, which confirms that Cr has been incorporated into the Ti lattice and also transforms its phase. The introduction of an HCl stabilizer led to a rise in temperature, which facilitated the transition of TiO2 from its anatase phase to the rutile phase [25,26]. The appearance of a Ti2O3 peak in the pristine thin film annealed at 650 °C could be due to multiple factors, including reduction reactions, reaction kinetics, oxygen deficiency, impurities, and synthesis conditions.…”

“…The appearance of a Ti2O3 peak in the pristine thin film annealed at 650 °C could be due to multiple factors, including reduction reactions, reaction kinetics, oxygen deficiency, impurities, and synthesis conditions. Alterations in parameters like precursor concentration, solvent, drying conditions, and acidity might also have an impact on this [26]. Some reports also documented the creation of innovative arrays of TiO2+Ti2O3 composite nanorods, demonstrating potential utility in lithium-ion battery applications [27,28].…”

Study of Structural, Optical, Morphology and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Melanin Sensitized TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Method

“…annealed TiO2 films match with reported values of band gap for rutile-TiO2 in the literature. [56] For melanin sensitized TiO2 thin films, the bandgap energy also decreases from 2.69 eV to 2.63 eV [ Fig. 5(d)].…”