Development of Rapid Analytical Method of Carbon in Steels by Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry

Yasuhara, Hisao; Yamamoto, A.; Wagatsuma, Kazuaki; Hiramoto, Fumio

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.46.1054

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…at the surface. Its occurrence has been interpreted as contamination by carbon deposition at the surface, also by the presence of oil mist from the glow discharge vacuum pumps or by contamination of the anode . Its presence can affect the determination of the carbon concentration for short sputtering times.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative determination of carbon concentration profiles by GD‐OES for the study of decarburization in low‐carbon steels

Alvarenga

Steenberge

Xhoffer

et al. 2015

Surface & Interface Analysis

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In this study, the quantification of decarburization induced during the annealing process for the fabrication of electrical steels was carried out using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD‐OES). Different calibration methods, based on external and internal standard references, were examined to optimize the quantification of carbon concentration. Accurate calibration curves for carbon at low concentration ranges were achieved by the use of carbon intensity calibrated by the internal reference, i.e. iron intensity line. This methodology was found to be beneficial for long GD‐OES measurements, providing a better correction over changes in the overall emission intensity with the sputter time. The good depth resolution obtained by the GD‐OES technique enabled the identification of specific features in the steel microstructure related to carbide coarseness. Quantitative carbon concentration profiles were obtained by GD‐OES to evaluate the decarburization effect on the microstructure of low‐carbon steels considering different initial microstructures. The effect of the spatial distribution of carbides in these microstructures on the decarburization kinetics was also studied. Through quantitative determination of carbon elemental profiles by GD‐OES, information about the morphology of the cementite in the microstructure and its development in relation to decarburization was acquired. The depth of decarburization can accurately be determined. On the basis of the global results, GD‐OES thus emerged as being a fast and reliable technique for a better understanding of decarburization kinetics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD‐OES) emerges as a good candidate to measure carbon depth profiles of up to approximately 100μ m in a fast and reliable way . GD, especially the Grimm source, have been widely used in analytical chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative determination of carbon concentration profiles by GD‐OES for the study of decarburization in low‐carbon steels

Alvarenga

Steenberge

Xhoffer

et al. 2015

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…1,2) However, emission spectroscopic analysis of non-metallic elements is difficult because of their larger excitation energies. 3) In addition, the atomic resonance transitions of these elements lie in the far-ultraviolet spectral region (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Excited Argon Atom in Glow Discharge Plasma by Diode Laser Coherent Forward Scattering Spectrometry (DL-CFS)

Matsuta

2015

ISIJ Int.

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When non-metallic atoms are excited in a low-pressure glow discharge plasma, absorption transitions can be observed in the 640-930 nm wavelength range where laser diodes are commercially available. These excited atoms can be sensitively probed by diode laser atomic absorption spectrometry (DL-AAS). Because an atomic absorption transition can also be detected by coherent forward scattering (CFS) spectrometry and CFS spectrometry with a diode laser has more attractive features than DL-AAS, diode laser coherent forward scattering spectrometry (DL-CFS) was employed to investigated the absorption transition of excited argon atom at 842.46 nm. Ar (I) 842.46 nm line was adopted due to the tunable wavelength range of available diode laser in this experiment. Excited argon atoms were produced in a glow discharge plasma. CFS signal intensity at 842.46 nm attained maximum at discharge current of 20 mA in 3 Torr (399 Pa) of argon and at magnetic field of 160 mT. Calibration curve of argon was prepared to mix a small amount of argon into 6 Torr (798 Pa) of helium. The signal intensity depended on the 4.4th power of the number density of argon. The 4.4th power dependence is too large to be explained by the theoretically predicted quadratic dependence. When a small amount of molecular nitrogen was mixed into argon plasma, strong suppression of CFS intensity was observed. Molecular gases such as air were found to be unsuitable for the plasma gas to excite the target atoms.

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“…1,2 However, an emission spectroscopic analysis of non-metallic elements is difficult because of their larger excitation energies. 3 In addition, the atomic resonance transitions of these elements lie in the far-ultraviolet spectral region (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One and Two-photon Excited Optogalvanic Spectra of Argon in the Wavelength Region of 735 – 850 nm

2010

Self Cite

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Optogalvanic (OG) spectra of argon in the visible to near-infrared spectral region between 735 and 850 nm were investigated using a Grimm-style glow-discharge tube, which has been widely used to obtain depth profiles of the elemental composition on various film-like samples. About 49 lines of one-photon and two-photon OG peaks were observed with a pulsed Ti:sapphire laser; these peaks were precisely assigned. Two-photon OG spectra of argon were easily observed without focusing the pulsed laser irradiation to more than 1 mJ. The excitation mechanisms of the observed argon OG spectra could be classified into 3 types: single-photon transition, two-photon transition, and twophoton stepwise transition. In addition, a pseudo-resonant effect was also found to be effective. The argon lines observed in this experiment are suitable as convenient calibration wavelength markers of pulsed tunable laser radiation.

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Development of Rapid Analytical Method of Carbon in Steels by Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Quantitative determination of carbon concentration profiles by GD‐OES for the study of decarburization in low‐carbon steels

Quantitative determination of carbon concentration profiles by GD‐OES for the study of decarburization in low‐carbon steels

Measurement of Excited Argon Atom in Glow Discharge Plasma by Diode Laser Coherent Forward Scattering Spectrometry (DL-CFS)

One and Two-photon Excited Optogalvanic Spectra of Argon in the Wavelength Region of 735 – 850 nm

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