Development of Research Skills of Students in Physics Lessons as a Way of Implementing Stem Education

Abstract

Formulation of the problem. The article analyzes the problem of developing the theoretical and methodological foundations of the formation of research skills in students as a way of implementing STEM education. An analysis of the latest research and publications in the scientific and pedagogical literature on the methodology of formation of research skills based on the principles of STEM education was made. It was determined that in the scientific and pedagogical literature there is no unambiguously defined approach to the issue of the formation of scientific and research competence when teaching physics on the basis of STEM education. The purpose of the study. Elucidation of the pedagogical conditions for the implementation of STEM education through the organization of research and experimental activities of students in physics. Theoretical materials and methods. Аnalysis of regulatory documents, psychological-pedagogical and methodical literature, programs in physics and other natural sciences; development of theoretical and practical ideas about the studied phenomenon; empirical – analysis of real school practice; diagnostic methods (conversation, pedagogical observation, comparison, description). Scientific novelty. The role of the STEM approach in teaching physics as an effective method that contributes to the integration of knowledge and a deep conceptual understanding of physics, the formation of research and experimental skills is revealed. It was determined that the content, methodology, and conduct of problem-oriented education based on the STEM approach allow students to form a sustainable interest in studying physics, activate students' activities, and make perception more active, emotional, and creative. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The introduction of problem-oriented educational activities into the educational activity in physics contributes to the acquisition of experience in practical and experimental activities in the study of physics through the STEM-enhanced educational environment. The prospects for further research are linked to the development of methodological support for each of the specified areas of teacher activity and the design of a system of activities for training and improving the qualifications of teachers of natural sciences for the implementation of STEM education.