Development of Resistance in Field Housefly (Musca domestica): Comparison of Effect of Classic Spray Regimes versus Integrated Control Methods

Abstract

The development of resistance in the housefly (Musca domestica) to azamethiphos, pirimiphosmethyl, bendiocarb, permethrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin was investigated on pig farms over a 4-year period. The results obtained in laboratory tests were compared with those obtained under practical conditions in pig houses. An intensive use of insecticides induced resistance in the course of 2 to 3 seasons. The classic spray regimes of insecticides led to the development of high resistance after one or two seasons. Integrated control, based on rotational application -organophosphate, pyrethroid, carbamate, pyrethroid, organophosphate -retained the resistance at low to moderate levels. Because of the variability of resistance factor (RF) in the field populations observed, the monofactorial and rotational selective pressure of insecticides was investigated. The rotational application of azamethiphos and permethrin or cypermethrin having sufficient insecticidal effect retained the resistance at low to moderate levels over a 4-year period. Although the alternation of insecticides cannot prevent the development of resistance, it can extend several times the period of their successful application on farms. This knowledge can help to formulate the strategies for fly control programmes.

Effects of Piperonyl Butoxide and Tetramethrin Combinations on Biological Activities of Selected Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides against Different Housefly (Musca domestica L., Diptera: Muscidae) Populations

“…These counts increased dramatically to 150 and 198 vector species in 1980150 and 198 vector species in and 1990150 and 198 vector species in , respectively (WHO 1992. In addition, several studies, such as Elyassaki (1986), Kasai and Scott (2000), Kristensen et al (2000), and Kočišová et al (2002), reported that house flies have started developing resistance against synthetic pyrethroids, as well as various other insecticide groups recently. The same results were found in studies conducted in Turkey (Tezok et.…”

Monitoring of Five Different Insecticide Resistance Status in Turkish House Fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations and the Relationship Between Resistance and Insecticide Usage Profile

“…Insecticide resistance has developed within all populations of M. domestica L. around the world, causing an important problem for house fly control (3,4). There are many studies from around the world showing that flies in houses and animal shelters can develop high resistance to organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and synthetic pyrethroids (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Periodical or continuous evaluation of the resistance status of local populations of M. domestica to different insecticides can yield information about suitable usage of insecticides.…”

Single and Combined Mutations of Acetylcholinesterase Gene Giving Resistance to Pirimiphos-Methyl in Musca domestica Slaughterhouse Populations

“…Several studies have documented house fly resistance to OP insecticides worldwide [ 5 , 34 , 35 ]; however, few studies documented M. domestica resistance to PM. Kočišová et al [ 36 ] reported 40-fold increase in the house fly resistance to PM after exposing the flies to the insecticide for 10 weeks. The resistance to PM has also been found in other important insects, such as Rhyzopertha dominica , Bemisia tabaci , Aedes aegypti , and Anopheles gambiae [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”