Development of robotic surgical devices and its application in colorectal surgery

Abstract

Due to greater accessibility, robotic technology is becoming increasingly common in a wide range of general surgical procedures. In relation to traditional laparoscopic techniques, robotic surgery has four significant advantages: greater accessibility, visibility, accuracy, and comfortability. For example, robotic surgery is particularly beneficial for procedures in hard-to-reach areas (e.g., pelvis, rectum, and endoluminal areas) because it offers a greater range of motion and precision. In addition, surgical visibility and accuracy can be improved by providing 3D and magnified visualization of the surgical field. Robotic systems are also designed for surgeons’ comfort, allowing the operator to sit while working. For these reasons, robotic surgery is preferable for colorectal and other abdominal surgical procedures. As interest in minimally invasive surgery increases, so does the need to develop new approaches and procedures in colorectal surgery. While robotic surgery has great potential for improving outcomes, there may be disadvantages over traditional laparoscopic and open surgical procedures. For example, possible disadvantages include increased maintenance, training, and cost. This review discusses the evolution of robot-assisted surgery with respect to short-term and long-term outcomes. The development of robotic surgical devices, the new devices entering the market, and the possible future directions of robotic surgery will also be discussed.