Development of ROPS Criteria for Construction and Industrial Vehicles

Staab, Joachim

doi:10.4271/710693

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Second, the tractor should be secured to a bedplate in its normal position. Third, the safety cab's strength should be determined by blows delivered by a swinging weight, and, also by the application of a static load; and fourth, the test should be repeatable (Staab, 1971).…”

Section: Review Of Relevant Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a roll over protective structure (ROPS) using nonlinear finite element analysis

Gillispie¹

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Safety has become one of the major thrusts of our society. It is important in every facet of our lives. It is especially important in the agricultural industry. The use of a conventional Roll Over Protective Structure (ROPS) on farm tractors over the years has saved numerous lives and prevented countless injuries. Despite the added safety of using a ROPS, it has been found a percentage of tractor owners remove the conventional ROPS. One reason for removal is lack of a storage area to house the tractor with a conventional ROPS on it. The main reason deals with the ROPS becoming entangled with crops and limbs as it is being driven, sometimes even causing this debris to strike the tractor operator. By removing the ROPS, the tractor operators place themselves in unwarranted danger. This led the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and West Virginia University Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering to the development of a deployable ROPS, which could remain down to aid in required housing space for the tractor and prevent debris from striking the tractor operator while being driven. This ROPS was tested for rapid deployment and also against the SAE J2194 Static Load Standard. The results of the SAE J2194 Static Load Standard tests revealed the ROPS was structurally over-designed. This research effort focuses on the application of computer-aided design and analysis to structurally optimize the deployable ROPS and make it lighter. The first objective deals with the development of a finite element model (FEM) of the original deployable ROPS giving analytical results that matched the experimental results. This justified the use of a FEM to optimize the ROPS. Once this was accomplished, a FEM of an optimized deployable ROPS was created and verified as safe by checking energy and deflection results against the SAE J2194 Static Load Standard. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES x NOMENCLATURE xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Introductory Remarks 1 1.2 Review of Relevant Literature 3 1.3 Thesis Objective 8 CHAPTER 2 SAE J2194 ROPS STANDARD 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Energy Criteria 9 2.3 Accuracies and Tolerances CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS 17 3.1 Test Rig and Equipment 3.2 Data Acquisition 25 3.3 Data Acquisition Program CHAPTER 4 SOLID AND FINITE ELEMENT MODEL DESCRIPTIONS 4.1.1 Mechanical CAD Software 4.1.2 Modeling the Two Post Deployable ROPS vi 4.1.

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Section: Review Of Relevant Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a roll over protective structure (ROPS) using nonlinear finite element analysis

Gillispie¹

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“…There were no pre-set standards for the tests. One of the main goals of the tests was to determine the effect of the rollover on the ROPS (Staab, 1971 The rate of deflection should not be any more than 5mm/s (ASAE standard 1997).…”

Section: Review Of Relevant Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced generation NIOSH automatically deployable rollover protective structure (AutoROPS)

Alkhaledi¹

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Advanced Generation NIOSH Automatically deployable Rollover Protective Structure (AutoROPS) Khaled Alkhaledi Safety is one of the most important aspects in every society. It is a major issue in the agricultural industry. Agriculture continues today as one of the most hazardous industries in the U.S. with comparatively high fatality rates. Despite the fact that a highly effective safe guard is available in the form of a rollover protective structure (ROPS), hundreds of farmers die each year due to tractor rollovers. The use of ROPS on farm tractors has attributed to saving numerous lives, and has prevented many human injuries over the years. Many tractors come with the ROPS factory installed; however, many ROPS were apparently removed by the tractor's owners due to the lack of the ROPS having a proper housing area on the tractor. For example, while working in an orchard, an improper housing area may cause the ROPS to damage produce located on low hanging tree branches. The prominence of tractor rollover incidents resulting in farm work related deaths, and the effectiveness of the ROPS in reducing such events, has resulted in the collaboration between The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and West Virginia University's Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department. The goal of this collaboration is to increase the level of ROPS safety and effectiveness. Engineering studies and tests have been done on The NIOSH AutoROPS based of SAE J-2194 Static Load Standard. The first purpose of this work is to study the base model for the second generation NIOSH AutoROPS based on J-2194 standard tests to insure that the base will absorb the impact loads during farm tractor's roll over. The second purpose is to design a new generation of the AutoROPS that is smaller in size and more cost effective. Using a computer-aided design program (ANSYS-professional version), the tests and simulations were completed. The NIOSH AutoROPS designs were structurally analyzed the to insure that they comply with the SAE J2194 standard. The results proved that those generations did absorb all loads applied in sequence on the AutoROPS and thus satisfied the SAE J-2194 standard requirements. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to thank the many people whom have made this thesis' work possible. First, I would like to thank my whole family for their help, caring, and support throughout my entire masters degree program. Also I would like to show my gratitude and my thanks to my advisor and Chairperson, Dr. Kenneth Means. Thank you for your guidance, help, wisdom, and never ending patience throughout all of the hard and difficult times of this research. I would also like to thank Dr. James Smith for his assistance in sharing his ideas with me about this research.

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Design and Installation of ROPS for Army Retrofit Program

Hopler¹,

Stewart²

1973

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Development of ROPS Criteria for Construction and Industrial Vehicles

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Optimization of a roll over protective structure (ROPS) using nonlinear finite element analysis

Optimization of a roll over protective structure (ROPS) using nonlinear finite element analysis

Advanced generation NIOSH automatically deployable rollover protective structure (AutoROPS)

Design and Installation of ROPS for Army Retrofit Program

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