Development of Sensors for Measuring the Enthalpy of PCM Storage Systems

Steinmaurer, Gerald; Krupa, Michael; Kefer, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.02.052

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Another category of global measurements is based on the density change during phase change. An innovative technique based on the resulting difference in sound damping techniques was proposed by Steinmaurer et al [62]. A second method based on volume change is measuring the pressure in an expansion volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the state of charge in a latent thermal energy storage heat exchanger based on inlet/outlet and surface measurements

Beyne

Couvreur

T’Jollyn

et al. 2022

Applied Thermal Engineering

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The performance of latent thermal energy storage (LTES) heat exchangers is related to the stored energy (i.e. state of charge) during the (dis)charging of the energy storage system. Furthermore, methods to correlate performance indicators such as the averaged effectiveness and phase change time are based solely on the latent heat stored. Therefore, measuring the stored energy in the separate components is crucial to understand the behavior of LTES systems and expand the correlation methods for performance indicators. However, technical limitations often do not allow to measure the stored energy. This article presents a LTES heat exchanger where only measurements at the in-and outlet of the heat transfer fluid and on the outer surface of the heat exchanger were possible. Based on this sparse set of measurements, estimators for the stored energy are developed. To test these estimators, a finite volume model of the LTES heat exchanger is made and fitted to experiments. The estimators for the stored energy in the heat transfer fluid, metal and phase change material reach a maximum deviation of respectively 1.9 %, 10 % and 2.1 % with the stored energy predicted by the finite volume model. By analyzing the stored energy as a function of time, four charging phases can be distinguished. The present correlating methods for performance indicators focus on the third latent phase. By estimating stored energy, the other phases can also be understood and modeled which can expand correlating methods for LTES heat exchangers in future work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the state of charge in a latent thermal energy storage heat exchanger based on inlet/outlet and surface measurements

Beyne

Couvreur

T’Jollyn

et al. 2022

Applied Thermal Engineering

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show abstract

“…Methods based on the use of pressure sensors to detect changes in the volume of the PCM can also be used to determine the phase fraction of the storage material, thus the SoC of a PCM tank. This technique was investigated by, for example, Steinmaurer et al [9] and Paberit and Ojerborn [8], but no results were presented. Bissell and Gataora [10] proposed a concept based on a pressure measurement in the storage tank and the transformation of measured pressures into state of charge via a look-up table.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sensors could be used to measure the amount of heat supplied to and dissipated by the storage system, which could then allow determining the SoC via an energy balance. However, as previously stated, this method has the huge disadvantage of not being practicable as it requires very accurate and complex measurement technology as well as an accurate estimation of heat losses [9,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steinmaurer et al [9] applied a method based on measurements of oscillating crystals to estimate the SoC of a PCM storage system. The method consisted of the application of an alternating voltage to electrodes made of quartz crystal and measurement of impedance, which depends on the phase state of the PCM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Propagation of sound was also investigated to determine the SoC of PCM storage systems. Steinmaurer et al [9] performed global measurement of the propagation of structure-borne sound in the storage tank excitation by means of a pulse generator (e.g., electromagnet for striking) and measurement of the pressure fluctuation by means of piezoelectric acceleration sensors. The main advantages of this method are its relatively low costs, it is globally applicable, and it only requires one sensor to characterize the mean phase state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the State of Charge of a Solid/Liquid Phase Change Material in a Thermal Energy Storage Tank

et al. 2020

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Monitoring of the state of charge of the thermal energy storage component in solar thermal systems for space heating and/or cooling in residential buildings is a key element from the overall system control strategy point of view. According to the literature, there is not a unique method for determining the state of charge of a thermal energy storage system that could generally be applied in any system. This contribution firstly provides a classification of the state-of-the-art of available techniques for the determination of the state of charge, and secondly, it presents an experimental analysis of different methods based on established sensor technologies, namely temperature, mass flow rates, and pressure measurements, tested using a lab-scale heat exchanger filled with a commercial phase change material for cooling applications. The results indicate that, depending on the expected accuracy and available instrumentation, each of the methods studied here can be used in the present application, the deviations between the methods generally being below 20%. This study concludes that a proper combination of two or more of these methods would be the ideal strategy to obtain a more reliable and accurate estimation of the state of charge of the latent heat thermal energy storage.

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Effective estimation of the state-of-charge of latent heat thermal energy storage for heating and cooling systems using non-linear state observers

2023

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Development of Sensors for Measuring the Enthalpy of PCM Storage Systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Estimating the state of charge in a latent thermal energy storage heat exchanger based on inlet/outlet and surface measurements

Estimating the state of charge in a latent thermal energy storage heat exchanger based on inlet/outlet and surface measurements

Evaluation of the State of Charge of a Solid/Liquid Phase Change Material in a Thermal Energy Storage Tank

Effective estimation of the state-of-charge of latent heat thermal energy storage for heating and cooling systems using non-linear state observers

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