Development of sexing primers in Glyptemys insculpta and Apalone spinifera turtles uncovers an XX/XY sex-determining system in the critically-endangered bog turtle Glyptemys muhlenbergii

Literman, Robert; Radhakrishnan, S.; Tamplin, Jeffrey W.; Burke, Russell L.; Dresser, Cassie; Valenzuela, Nicole

doi:10.1007/s12686-017-0711-7

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Phylogenetic reconstruction of sex determination systems suggested that ESD is ancestral in turtles and sex chromosomes, and thus GSD, evolved at least five times independently. In the suborder Cryptodira, XX/ XY sex chromosomes have been reported for Siebenrockiella crassicollis (family Geoemydidae) 4,11,12 and for the genera Staurotypus (family Kinosternidae) 13 and Glyptemys (family Emydidae) 14,15 . In contrast, ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes are widely shared in softshell turtles (family Trionychidae) 9,16,17 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sex is determined by XX/XY sex chromosomes in Australasian side-necked turtles (Testudines: Chelidae)

Mazzoleni

Augstenová

Clemente

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

turtles demonstrate variability in sex determination and, hence, constitute an excellent model for the evolution of sex chromosomes. notably, the sex determination of the freshwater turtles from the family chelidae, a species-rich group with wide geographical distribution in the southern hemisphere, is still poorly explored. Here we documented the presence of an XX/XY sex determination system in seven species of the Australasian chelid genera Chelodina, Emydura, and Elseya by conventional (karyogram reconstruction, c-banding) and molecular cytogenetic methods (comparative genome hybridization, in situ hybridization with probes specific for GATA microsatellite motif, the rDNA loci, and the telomeric repeats). the sex chromosomes are microchromosomes in all examined species of the genus Chelodina. In contrast, the sex chromosomes are the 4 th largest pair of macrochromosomes in the genera Emydura and Elseya. their X chromosomes are submetacentric, while their Y chromosomes are metacentric. The chelid Y chromosomes contain a substantial male-specific genomic region with an accumulation of the GATA microsatellite motif, and occasionally, of the rDNA loci and telomeric repeats. Despite morphological differences between sex chromosomes, we conclude that male heterogamety was likely already present in the common ancestor of Chelodina, Emydura and Elseya in the Mesozoic period.Amniotes possess two major sex determination systems: genotypic sex determination (GSD) and environmental sex determination (ESD). In GSD, the sex of an individual is determined by its sex-specific genotype, i.e. the combination of sex chromosomes. On the contrary, in ESD, the sex of an individual is influenced by environmental conditions and there are no consistent genotypic differences between sexes. The most well studied type of ESD is the temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), where the sex of the individual is influenced by the temperature during a sensitive period of embryonic development (the definitions follow Johnson Pokorná & Kratochvíl 1 ). Three amniote lineages, the geckos (infraorder Gekkota), the dragon lizards (family Agamidae) and the turtles (order Testudines), show extensive variability of sex determination systems, and closely related species have either GSD or ESD 1-4 , making them excellent groups for exploring the evolution of sex determination.Turtles include 361 currently recognized extant species 5-7 . Unfortunately, the sex determination system is known in only approximately 24% of all species, and sex chromosomes have been up to now reported for only 20 species 4,[8][9][10] . Phylogenetic reconstruction of sex determination systems suggested that ESD is ancestral in turtles and sex chromosomes, and thus GSD, evolved at least five times independently. In the suborder Cryptodira, XX/ XY sex chromosomes have been reported for Siebenrockiella crassicollis (family Geoemydidae) 4,11,12 and for the genera Staurotypus (family Kinosternidae) 13 and Glyptemys (family Emydidae) 14,15 . In contrast, ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes are...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We reconstructed karyograms and examined the presence of differentiated sex chromosomes by C-banding, comparative genome hybridization (CGH), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes specific for GATA motif, telomeric repeats and rDNA loci, i.e. repetitive elements which often accumulate on the sex chromosomes of reptiles 15,28 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex is determined by XX/XY sex chromosomes in Australasian side-necked turtles (Testudines: Chelidae)

Mazzoleni

Augstenová

Clemente

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This suggests that, all populations retain the ancestral state and that our makers are likely to have broad applicability across the entire species range. The identification of sex-specific sequence has important practical value in many contexts, including ecological studies [62][63][64], conservation of threatened or endangered species [65][66][67][68], captive breeding [69], aquaculture [70,71], elimination of mortality as a possible explanation for sex ratio bias [32,72] sex forensics [73] and identifying genotypic sex [32,74,75] or in studies of early developmental processes where sex of the developing embryo is important [76,77].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Y chromosome markers in the eastern three-lined skink (Bassiana duperreyi) using in-silico whole genome subtraction.

Dissanayake

Holleley

Hill

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Homologous sex chromosomes can differentiate over time because recombination is suppressed in the region of the sex determining locus, leading to the accumulation of repeats, progressive loss of genes that lack differential influence on the sexes and sequence divergence on the heterozygous homolog. Divergence in the non-recombining regions leads to the accumulation of Y or W specific sequence useful for developing sex-linked markers. Here we use in-silico whole-genome subtraction to identify putative sex-linked sequences in the scincid lizard Bassiana duperreyi which has heteromorphic XY sex chromosomes. Results: We generated 96.7 x 109 150bp paired-end genomic sequence reads from a XY male and 81.4 x 109 paired-end reads from an XX female for in-silico whole genome subtraction to yield Y enriched contigs. We identified 7 reliable markers which were validated as XY male-specific by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) against a panel of 20 males and 20 females. Conclusions: The sex of B. duperreyi can be reversed by low temperatures (XX genotype reversed to a male phenotype). We have developed sex-specific markers to identify the underlying genotypic sex and its concordance or discordance with phenotypic sex in wild populations of B. duperreyi. Our pipeline can be applied to isolate Y or W chromosome-specific sequences of any organism and is not restricted to sequence residing within single-copy genes. This study greatly improves our knowledge of the Y chromosome in B. duperreyi and will enhance future studies of reptile sex determination and sex chromosome evolution.

show abstract

“…, , 2017. Literman et al [2017] suggest that GSD appeared after the split of Glyptemys from other Emydidae lineages approximately 20 Mya. However, Glyptemys is an exception, because all the other species of the group apparently have TSD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Insights into Emydid Turtle Cytogenetics: The European Pond Turtle as a Model Species

Iannucci

Svartman

Bellavita³

et al. 2019

Cytogenet Genome Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Our knowledge of Testudines evolution is limited by the lack of modern cytogenetic data. Compared to other reptiles, there is little information even on chromosome banding, let alone molecular cytogenetic data. Here, we provide detailed information on the karyotype of the European pond turtle Emys orbicularis, a model Emydidae, employing both chromosome banding and molecular cytogenetics. We provide a high-resolution G-banded karyotype and a map of rDNA genes and telomeric sequences using fluorescence in situ hybridization. We test hypotheses of sex-determining mechanisms in Emys by comparative genomic hybridization to determine if Emys has a cryptic sex-specific region. Our results provide valuable data to guide future efforts on genome sequencing and anchoring in Emydidae and for understanding karyotype evolution in Testudines.

show abstract

Development of sexing primers in Glyptemys insculpta and Apalone spinifera turtles uncovers an XX/XY sex-determining system in the critically-endangered bog turtle Glyptemys muhlenbergii

Cited by 38 publications

References 44 publications

Sex is determined by XX/XY sex chromosomes in Australasian side-necked turtles (Testudines: Chelidae)

Sex is determined by XX/XY sex chromosomes in Australasian side-necked turtles (Testudines: Chelidae)

Identification of Y chromosome markers in the eastern three-lined skink (Bassiana duperreyi) using in-silico whole genome subtraction.

Insights into Emydid Turtle Cytogenetics: The European Pond Turtle as a Model Species

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About