Abstract:The application of shape memory alloys (SMAs) for the development of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics has been expanding steadily in recent years. In order to prevent matrix damage and optimize the actuating potential of SMAs during the process of thermally induced activation, a barrier layer between SMAs and the matrix of fiber-reinforced plastics is required. This article approaches the textile technological development of SMA hybrid yarns as a core–sheath structure using friction spinning technology, wher… Show more
“…The typical tensile curve of the used SMA can be found in Ashir et al. 39 The surface of the SMA had an oxide layer, and the SMA was processed in a straight annealed condition. NiTi-based SMAs are technically used due to their high chemical stability, low brittleness, and good thermomechanical properties.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The parameters of the glass rovings are stated in Table 1. A nickel-(Ni) and titanium-(Ti)-based SMA (Memry GmbH, Germany), with a mass proportion of 54.8% and 45.2%, respectively, was used for the development of functionalized preforms. The typical tensile curve of the used SMA can be found in Ashir et al 39 The surface of the SMA had an oxide layer, and the SMA was processed in a straight annealed condition. NiTi-based SMAs are technically used due to their high chemical stability, low brittleness, and good thermomechanical properties.…”
The functionalization of fiber-reinforced plastics has been improved continuously in recent years in order to broaden their application potential. By using shape memory alloys in fiber-reinforced plastics, adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics can be developed, which in turn can change their shape depending on the activation of shape memory alloys. In order to ensure the proper force transmission from shape memory alloys to fiber-reinforced plastic, these shape memory alloys need to be integrated into the reinforcing fabric. Hence, this paper presents the application of open reed weaving technology for the development of functionalized preforms for adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics. For an optimized shape memory effect during their thermal induced activation, the shape memory alloys were coated with release agent and then integrated into the woven fabric by open reed weaving technology. The hinged width of functionalized preforms was varied from 50 mm to 150 mm. These preforms were infused by a thermosetting resin matrix system with a modifier. Subsequently, the electro-mechanical testing of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics was executed. Results show that the maximum deformation of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics was proportional to their hinged width.
“…The typical tensile curve of the used SMA can be found in Ashir et al. 39 The surface of the SMA had an oxide layer, and the SMA was processed in a straight annealed condition. NiTi-based SMAs are technically used due to their high chemical stability, low brittleness, and good thermomechanical properties.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The parameters of the glass rovings are stated in Table 1. A nickel-(Ni) and titanium-(Ti)-based SMA (Memry GmbH, Germany), with a mass proportion of 54.8% and 45.2%, respectively, was used for the development of functionalized preforms. The typical tensile curve of the used SMA can be found in Ashir et al 39 The surface of the SMA had an oxide layer, and the SMA was processed in a straight annealed condition. NiTi-based SMAs are technically used due to their high chemical stability, low brittleness, and good thermomechanical properties.…”
The functionalization of fiber-reinforced plastics has been improved continuously in recent years in order to broaden their application potential. By using shape memory alloys in fiber-reinforced plastics, adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics can be developed, which in turn can change their shape depending on the activation of shape memory alloys. In order to ensure the proper force transmission from shape memory alloys to fiber-reinforced plastic, these shape memory alloys need to be integrated into the reinforcing fabric. Hence, this paper presents the application of open reed weaving technology for the development of functionalized preforms for adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics. For an optimized shape memory effect during their thermal induced activation, the shape memory alloys were coated with release agent and then integrated into the woven fabric by open reed weaving technology. The hinged width of functionalized preforms was varied from 50 mm to 150 mm. These preforms were infused by a thermosetting resin matrix system with a modifier. Subsequently, the electro-mechanical testing of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics was executed. Results show that the maximum deformation of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics was proportional to their hinged width.
“…This binary alloy system was adopted because it covers a wide range of application requirements; subsequently, about 90% of SMA applications involve Ni-Ti [26,27]. The diameter, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the SMA were 0.305 mm, 1152.7 MPa, and 11.1%, respectively [28]; its material-specific temperatures are listed in Table 1 [29].…”
The process of integrating smart materials into fiber-reinforced plastics has been used increasingly to create different high-performance products for lightweight applications. This paper presents the development of an adaptive morphing wing based on fiber-reinforced plastics with shape memory alloys integrated into the reinforcing fabrics. Two types of preforms with varying numbers of integrated weft yarns in shape memory alloys were manufactured for a wing structure on a weaving machine using the pleated woven fabric technology. Subsequently, the realized preforms were infiltrated by a thermoset matrix and characterized mechanically to derive a preferred variant. After developing the adaptive morphing wing, its deformation behavior was characterized by varying current flow and time through shape memory alloys. Results revealed that maximum deformation of the investigated adaptive morphing wing was achieved at a current flow and time of 1 A and 60 s, respectively.
“…The process description and the parameters used for the production of SMA hybrid yarn are described elsewhere. 24 Figure 2.Longitudinal view of SMA hybrid yarn.…”
The textile-technical integration of shape memory alloys into reinforcing fabrics for the development of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs) has been developed in recent years. This is aimed at reproduction, automation, and series production as well as reduced delamination of shape memory alloys in FRPs, and higher force transmission from shape memory alloys to FRPs. This type of integration can be executed in several ways, for example, by weaving or by tailored fiber placement technology. We present a comparative study of the functional properties of adaptive FRPs based on both types of technology. In order to conduct this study, functionalized reinforcing fabrics for the formation of adaptive FRPs were produced by open reed weaving and tailored fiber placement technology. Subsequently, they were infused by means of a thermosetting resin system. After the fabrication of adaptive FRPs, their functional properties were characterized and evaluated. Results show that the maximum deformation of adaptive FRPs produced by open reed weaving technology was higher than those produced by tailored fiber placement technology. Therefore, the adaptive FRPs produced by open reed weaving technology are more suitable for the formation of grippers, aerodynamically effective flaps, or robotic hands than that of adaptive FRPs produced by tailored fiber placement technology.
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