Development of soil organic matter stocks under different farm types and tillage systems in the Organic Arable Farming Experiment Gladbacherhof

Schulz, Franz; Brock, Christopher; Schmidt, Harald; Franz, Klaus-Peter; Leithold, Günter

doi:10.1080/03650340.2013.794935

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Still, the model tends to overestimate SOM supply in a crop rotation with mulched rotational alfalfa grass ley ( Brock and Leithold , 2014). As the long‐term field experiment is a complex multi‐factor farming system experiment ( Schulz et al, 2014), it is difficult to identify flawed parameters for single crop production systems. The factorial design of the hudycrop experiment could contribute to an improved and differentiated evaluation of the model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving minimum detectable differences in the assessment of soil organic matter change in short‐term field experiments

Knebl

Leithold

Brock

2015

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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The demand for information on cropping system impact on soil organic matter (SOM) calls for efforts to improve the utilization of short‐term field experiments (e.g., to evaluate the parameterization of cropping systems in models). Those approaches have coped with the problem of determining small SOM changes within a large background mass. Thus, objectives of this survey are (1) the improvement of the minimum detectable difference (MDD) in SOM in the hudycrop short‐term field experiment by methods of sampling design and data treatment, (2) the verification to what extend the hudycrop short‐term field experiment allows for the determination of management induced effects on SOM, and (3) the investigation to what extent the obtained results may be suitable to evaluate the parameterization of a SOM balance model. The design of the hudycrop is suitable for excluding outliers plotwise. The estimation of plot means can be improved by the sampling design. Instead of determining a single plot mean in a mixed sampling procedure, the design provides multiple values for each plot, allowing for the identification of extreme values before calculating plot means. In consequence, minimum detectable differences decrease by a factor of 0.53 for soil organic C (SOC) and 0.63 for soil total N (STN) masses, allowing for detection of changes in the magnitude of 3.7 and 2.6% of background SOC and STN levels, respectively. Differences between treatments, however, are significant with corrected values (after outlier exclusion) for the crop production systems with the highest impact (potatoes and mulched red clover). Determining outliers based on Student's t‐test gives the lowest MDD and is therefore considered to be the most suitable method in this case. Correlations between apparent changes and SOM balances according to the HU‐MOD–2 model, used in this survey, indicate that the experimental design, in principal, is suitable for the evaluation of the parameterization of crop production systems in models. Still, an improved precision in SOM change detection is necessary. Reasonable options for that purpose are discussed in the paper.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving minimum detectable differences in the assessment of soil organic matter change in short‐term field experiments

Knebl

Leithold

Brock

2015

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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“…Even though deeper tillage was used in this study, at a depth of 0.20 and 0.30 m, incorporation of crop residues was mainly in the near-surface layer and a pronounced stratification of crop residues was noticeable. This was also observed by Schulz et al (2014) with a TD of 0.18 m. In the study of Christian and Miller (1986), only the practices involving plowing could incorporate significant amounts of straw at a depth of 0.10-0.15 m. When only a cultivator was used, most of the residues were observed in the near-surface layer (0-0.10 m) and 20-30% were observed also on the surface. The results of these experiments and those reported in the literature indicate that, with a cultivator and irrespective of TD, it is not possible to incorporate significant quantities of crop residues deeper than 0.10 m. The MANOVA showed significant differences (p < 0.001) between the three TD for the three uppermost DS in relation to the crop residues incorporated.…”

Section: Incorporated Crop Residuesmentioning

confidence: 54%

Influence of tillage depth of a cultivator on the incorporation of crop residues of winter barley in a chernozem soil

Mairhofer

Barta

Euteneuer

et al. 2019

Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment

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Summary Although crop residues contribute to erosion control, the influence of the tillage depth (TD) on their incorporation has not been studied extensively. The main objective of this study was to determine the differences in the amount and distribution of incorporated crop residues and surface residue coverage if the TD of a cultivator is varied (0.10, 0.20, or 0.30 m). The experiment was carried out on a chernozem soil with winter barley residues in 2016 in Groß-Enzersdorf (Lower Austria). Individual soil cores, each 0.05 m long, were removed using a special device. No significant differences were observed for the incorporated crop residues up to a depth of 0.35 m between the three TDs. The mean values of the incorporated crop residues at a TD of 0.10, 0.20, or 0.30 m were 11.64, 13.30, and 10.82 t/ha, respectively. The distribution of crop residues in the individual depth segments (DSs) showed a main concentration of more than 90% at a depth of 0.10 m and a significant decrease in deeper layers. This stratification was independent of the TD. Therefore, a shallower TD is sufficient for straw management on a chernozem soil in the production area of Marchfeld, which also enables a reduction in draft and, consequently, fuel consumption and processing costs.

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“…Even though we decided to include this farm pair in our analyses, comparisons between organic and conventional management should in principal consider the farm type in order to produce significant results. Actual FOM supply and the resulting impact on SOM levels differs significantly between farm types within organic farming ( Pimentel et al, 2005; Schmid et al, 2013; Schulz et al, 2014).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Organic Farming and Their Relevance Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic matter returns to soils must be higher under organic compared to conventional farming

Leithold

Hülsbergen

Brock

2014

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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The aim of this paper is to discuss the demand of fresh organic matter (FOM) supply to maintain soil organic matter (SOM) levels and productivity of arable soils under organic management. The basic question is whether the different frame conditions in organic vs. conventional farming result in a different and system‐specific FOM demand. If this is the case, it would follow that the farming system has to be considered in the calculation of SOM balances. SOM balances are the most common decision support tools in organic matter management. A conversion to organic farming in practice usually leads to an increase of SOM levels as well as soil microbial activity over time. The system‐specific driver of this effect is the indispensable extension of the share of (perennial) legumes in crop rotations at the expense of non‐legumes such as cereals, row crops, and maize. Extended legume cropping is essential for N supply in crop rotations as the import of N fertilizer in total is limited by organic farming regulations and mineral N fertilizer may not be used at all. Based on this characteristic of organic management, we argue that the demand of FOM supply to soils must be higher than in conventional crop production. The most relevant factors are (1) the non‐existence of mineral N fertilizer as an external N source that supports the maintenance of SOM by decreasing the demand for SOM‐N, (2) benefits of increasing SOM stocks and turnover for soil productivity under organic management, and, (3) increased mass‐losses of FOM and easily degradable SOM compartments due to higher microbial activity in soils. These effects have to be quantified and must be considered in SOM balances in order to avoid misleading assessments and erroneous decisions.

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Development of soil organic matter stocks under different farm types and tillage systems in the Organic Arable Farming Experiment Gladbacherhof

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Improving minimum detectable differences in the assessment of soil organic matter change in short‐term field experiments

Improving minimum detectable differences in the assessment of soil organic matter change in short‐term field experiments

Influence of tillage depth of a cultivator on the incorporation of crop residues of winter barley in a chernozem soil

Organic matter returns to soils must be higher under organic compared to conventional farming

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