“…Thus, the real operation space is about 400 × 200 × 300 mm 3 , which is a narrow workspace for a moving robot. In this limited space, the traditional serial robot, such as Acorbot, AcuBot or SPINEBOT system [3][4][5], has difficulty completing such operations because of its large dimensions, the limited workspace and dexterity of the robot, the low stiffness of this kind of serial robot, and the accumulative errors of serial robots. The traditional parallel robot, such as the Stewart platform, also has difficulty implementing the minimally invasive operation in limited space because of the low dexterity or maneuverability, with which is difficult to meet the demand of puncturing route planning in CT-guided minimally invasive surgery.…”