Development of “stainless” aluminum alloys by surface modification

Mansfeld, F.; Wang, Y.

doi:10.1016/0921-5093(95)80058-3

Cited by 71 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…19 The effect of anions such as SO 4 2− , has only rarely been considered 24,38 and that of acetate anion are scarce. 8,33,[39][40][41] Mansfeld and Wang 33 used immersion in hot cerium acetate as a first step of the surface modification process of AA2024. Sugama modified aminopropylsilane triol by using Ce acetate and as a dopant in the concentration range from 0.2 to 10 wt%.…”

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confidence: 99%

Corrosion Inhibition of Pure Aluminium and Alloys AA2024-T3 and AA7075-T6 by Cerium(III) and Cerium(IV) Salts

Rodič

Milošev

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The corrosion protection of pure aluminium and its alloys AA2024-T3 and AA7075-T6 has been studied in 0.1 M NaCl with and without the addition of Ce(III) chloride, Ce(III) nitrate, Ce(III) acetate and Ce(IV) sulfate. The study of Ce(III) acetate has been scarce but is here shown to be the most effective of the cerium salts studied, especially for AA7075-T6. The inhibition effectiveness of cerium salts is: Ce(III) acetate > Ce(III) chloride > Ce(III) nitrate for the metals studied. Ce(IV) sulfate does not inhibit corrosion. Electrochemical potentiodynamic measurements were used to investigate the mechanism of inhibition by cerium salts. Immersion tests in 0.1 M NaCl, with and without the addition of Ce(III) chloride and Ce(III) acetate, were performed to determine the effects of the inhibitors on the extent of corrosion damage at the surface of all three metals. For pure aluminium the inhibitory effectiveness was 78.5%, 82.6% and 84.0% in the presence of 3 mM Ce(III) nitrate, chloride and acetate, respectively. Aluminium and its alloys 2024-T3 (AA2024-T3) and 7075-T6 (AA7075-T6) generally have good resistance to corrosion under atmospheric conditions. They are used as construction materials, primarily in aircraft applications, because of their physical characteristics such as rigidity and high strength-to-weight ratio.1,2 The main differences between aluminium and its alloys lie in their mechanical and corrosion properties. Aluminium is cold worked, whereas AA2024-T3 and AA7075-T6 are heat treated and cold worked (T3) or artificially aged (T6). The reason for alloying aluminium is to increase strength by forming intermetallic particles, IMs.

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Corrosion Inhibition of Pure Aluminium and Alloys AA2024-T3 and AA7075-T6 by Cerium(III) and Cerium(IV) Salts

Rodič

Milošev

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…For aluminum alloys [6][7][8], adding molybdenum to cerium improves the corrosion behaviour significantly in some cases.…”

Section: In~oducfionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inhibition of anodic and cathodic reactions involved in the corrosion mechanism has been attributed to the formation and precipitation of cerium oxides or hydroxides over cathodic sites having a blocking effect [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The mechanism by which cerium forms a ceriumenriched hydroxide, particularly on stainless steel, is not clear.…”

Section: In~oducfionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of stainless steels: green technology for corrosion protection

Mansfeld

Breslin

Pardo

et al. 1997

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Many methods of corrosion protection rely on toxic chemicals such as hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), which is the species responsible for protection in conversion coatings, anodizing baths and as a pigment in polymer coatings. Despite many attemps to replace Cr 6+ and other harzardous chemicals in corrosion protection, very little progress has been made. Passive layers containing Ce and Mo have already been formed on materials such as A17075 and A12024, and their corrosion behaviour has been shown to improve by imlaibition of both anodic and cathodic reaction. In this work the results of applying these coatings to SS304 and 316 will be presented. The layers were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), and the corrosion behaviour was followed by EIS and d.c. current methods. © 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.Keywords: Stainless steel; Corrosion protection; Impedance; Surface analysis In~oducfionRare-earth metal salts, particularly those containing cerium, are effective corrosion inhibitors for iron [1,2] and aluminum [2][3][4][5] in aggressive environments, and have been successfuly used in surface modification of various aluminum alloys [6--8] and stainless steels [9,10], inhibiting both anodic and cathodic reactions. Similar results have been reported for stainless steels, but questions have been raised concerning the validity of some of these data [ 11 ].Inhibition of anodic and cathodic reactions involved in the corrosion mechanism has been attributed to the formation and precipitation of cerium oxides or hydroxides over cathodic sites having a blocking effect [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The mechanism by which cerium forms a ceriumenriched hydroxide, particularly on stainless steel, is not clear. Indeed, the complexity of this process is evident, in that the valence state of cerium in the corresponding films varies between 3 and 4, depending on the pH and 1Paper presented at 23rd International Conference on metallurgical coatings and thin films, San Diego, CA, USA.0257-8972/97/$17.00 © 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved _PII S0257-8972(96) 03142-8 the degree of aeration of the solution [5]. For aluminum alloys [6][7][8], adding molybdenum to cerium improves the corrosion behaviour significantly in some cases.In this work, the electrochemical behaviour of SS304 and SS316L following various cerium and cerium/ molybdemum pre-treatment steps was studied in an effort to gain more information on the process by which cerium and molybdenum can modify the properties of the passive film formed on stainless steels. The coatings were analysed by EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and XPS in order to identify the cerium species which play the main role in the enhacement of the passivation behaviour. The corrosion behaviour was followed by EIS and d.c. current methods. Experimental approachCerium-containing layers were prepared by immersing the SS samples in the following solutions: 50mM Ce(NO3)3, 10 mM Ce(NO3)3, 10 mM CeC13 or 40 mM C%(CyH3CO) main...

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“…In order to find an attractive alternative to Cr 6+ conversion coating, several treatment procedures that should manifest both efficient anticorrosive behavior as well as an optimal benefit/cost ratio, and mainly insignificant environmental impact, have yet to be developed. It has been found out that cerium species can be successfully applied to protect zinc from corrosion Arenas et al, 2003Arenas et al, , 2004Ferreira et al, 2004;Otero et al, 1996Otero et al, , 1998Wang et al, 2004;Virtanen et al, 1997), aluminum and aluminum containing alloys (Aldykiewicz et al, 1995;Amelinckx et al, 2006;Arnott et al, 1989;Davenport et al, 1991;Mansfeld et al, 1989Mansfeld et al, ,1991Mansfeld et al, , 1995Zheludkevich et al, 2006;Di Maggio et al, 1997;Lukanova et al. 2008), stainless steels (Breslin et al, 1997;Lu & Ives, 1993, magnesium containing alloys (Arenas et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2001) even SiC/Al metal matrix composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%