Development of Starch-Based Bioplastic from Jackfruit Seed

Abstract

In this article, jackfruit seed starch plasticized with common plasticizers was developed and characterized. At the first step, the research papers that dealt with the fabrication and characterization of starch-based bioplastics were synthesized and analyzed. Next, jackfruit seeds were selected as a source for starch because of their large availability, low price or even free, and high starch capacity. Afterward, a starch-based bioplastic fabrication procedure was proposed. From preliminary tests, plasticizers were sufficiently selected, including water, glycerol, natri bicarbonate, and acid citric. Using different combinations of these plasticizers, four types of bioplastics were then fabricated to study the effect of the plasticizers as well as to characterize the properties of the corresponding bioplastics. A cutting tool for ASTM D412 type A standard tensile testing specimen was then designed and fabricated. Using these dog-bone specimens, tensile results showed that the hardness of the fabricated bioplastic was positively proportional to the ratio of the starch. Furthermore, from SEM characterization, the bioplastic specimens were fully plasticized. Although the fabricated bioplastic has lower mechanical properties than petroleum-based plastics, its environmental friendliness and high potential added value promise to be a material of the future.

Corn: Its Structure, Polymer, Fiber, Composite, Properties, and Applications

“…Generally, mechanical properties can be improved by fiber surface treatments, addition of plasticizers and cross-linking agents [ 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 ]. Most researchers focus on mechanical properties as part of their investigation.…”

Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch-Based Films

“…Comparing this result with other starch-based biocomposites such as Jackfruit seed starch [ 60 ] and potato starch [ 61 ] reveals that plasticizing starch with a load of (15–35%) shows good tensile strength while maintaining acceptable flexibility. However, the effect of ultrasound treatment on the mechanical properties needs more investigation, especially for the aspect of the molecular structure.…”

Valorization of jackfruit waste into value added products and their potential applications

“…In another study, Lubis et al ( 45 ) investigated bioplastics made of jackfruit seed starch plasticized with glycerol. Jackfruit seed starch plasticized with common plasticizers was also characterized by other researchers ( 46 ). Early tests showed that water, glycerol, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid were among the plasticizers that worked well enough.…”

“…After making four different types of bioplastics with different combinations of these plasticizers, the properties of these synthesized bioplastics were analyzed. Bioplastics made through biological processes using renewable biomass showed great promise as a material of the future due to their sustainability and high potential ( 46 ).…”