Development of stereotypies and polydipsia in wild caught bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) and their laboratory-bred offspring.

Schoenecker, B; Heller, Knud Erik; Freimanis, Tonny

doi:10.1016/s0168-1591(00)00108-8

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Stereotypic behaviours (and 'faeces-smearing') are absent altogether in wild-caught macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca silenus) in marked contrast to their zoo-and laboratory-born peers (Mason and Green, 1962;Berkson, 1968;Mallapur et al, 2005). Likewise, wild-caught black rats (Rattus rattus), bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) and African striped mice (Rhabdomys pumilio) typically show negligible stereotypic behaviour in laboratory cages, unless caught very young, although these behaviours emerge rapidly in most of their cage-born offspring (Sørensen and Randrup, 1986;Callard et al, 1999;Schoenecker et al, 2000;Jones and Pillay, 2006). Furthermore, in surveys, zoo-keepers also score zoo-born black rhinos (Diceros bicornis) as more stereotypic than wildcaught animals (K. Carlstead, Hawaii, personal communication 2004) -yet, interestingly, they are also scored as more friendly towards keepers (Carlstead et al, 1999).…”

Section: Comparisons Of Wild-caught and Captive-born Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal deprivation and the development of stereotypic behaviour

Latham¹,

Mason

2008

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

149

123

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Many farm, laboratory, zoo and companion animals experience some form of maternal deprivation. This is typically via separation from their mothers earlier than would happen in free-living populations, in some cases even while young are still dependent upon milk. Maternal deprivation may also occur in a qualitative way, via inadequate maternal care, perhaps caused by inexperience or by restrictive environments that limit maternal behaviours. In this paper we review evidence on the link between early separation from the mother and abnormal behaviour from a wide range of sources, including the early primate studies in this field, more recent examples from zoo and commercially reared animals, and human examples from studies of institutionalised children. We discuss factors that seem to influence the magnitude of later effects, such as developmental stage and age at separation, and whether separation is gradual (i.e. more similar to natural separation) or abrupt (as often the case in captivity). In these instances, however, maternal deprivation is just one aspect of a suite of changes that occur when infants are separated from their mothers. In the second part of the paper we therefore review the few cases where maternal loss per se has been investigated, and studies showing lasting affects of qualitative aspects of maternal care. We then look at the possible mechanisms underlying maternal deprivation-induced stereotypic behaviours including potential frustration of specific motivations, and lasting, more pervasive changes for instance in temperament or motor control. Finally, we discuss the practical and welfare implications of the effects of maternal deprivation, and suggest some topics for future research. #

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Section: Comparisons Of Wild-caught and Captive-born Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal deprivation and the development of stereotypic behaviour

Latham¹,

Mason

2008

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

149

123

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“…TMAO, trimethylamine-N-oxide; HOD, deuterated water rodents exposed to environmental constraint often exhibit polydipsia and glycosuria as a precursor to the development of diabetes. 119 Influence of gut microflora. In recent work, 120 the urinary metabolite profiles of germ free rats were compared before and after exposure to a 'normal' environment (Fig.…”

Section: Metabonomic Studies Of Physiological Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR-based metabonomic approaches for evaluating physiological influences on biofluid composition

et al. 2004

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Strategies such as genomics, proteomics and metabonomics are being applied with increasing frequency in the pharmaceutical industry. For each of these approaches, toxicological response can be measured by terms of deviation from control or baseline status. However, in order to accurately define drug-induced response, it is necessary to characterize the normal degree of physiological variation in the absence of stimuli. Here, 1 H NMR spectroscopic-based analyses of the metabolic composition of urine in experimental animals under various normal physiological conditions are reviewed. In particular, the effects of inter-animal and diurnal variation, gender, age, diet, species, strain, hormonal status and stress on the biochemical composition of urine are explored. Pattern recognition methods facilitate the comparison of urine NMR spectra over a given time-course, enabling the establishment of changes in profile and highlighting the dynamic metabolic status of an organism. Thus metabonomic approaches based on information-rich spectroscopic data sets can be used to evaluate normal physiological variation and for investigation of drug safety issues.

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“…As a result of these efforts, we isolated a new picornavirus (Ljungan virus [LV]) from bank voles trapped in Sweden [10,11]. Moreover, it has been shown that more than one-third of wild-caught bank voles and their offspring develop diabetes when kept under laboratory conditions [12]. This was accompanied by changes in pancreatic islet structure, islet cells becoming immunohistochemically positive for LV and elevated levels of islet autoantibodies [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal viral exposure followed by adult stress produces glucose intolerance in a mouse model

et al. 2006

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Aims/hypothesis It has been suggested that the uterine environment may influence metabolic disease occurring later in adult life, and that adult stress may promote disease outcome. Using a mouse model, we tested whether in utero exposure to Ljungan virus (LV) followed by adult exposure to stress produces diabetes. The influence of the timing of viral exposure over the course of pregnancy was also tested. Materials and methods Pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed i.p. to LV on pregnancy days 4, 8, 12 or 17. Adult male mice from these pregnancies were stressed by being kept in shared cages. Stress only, LV exposure in utero only, and no-stress/no virus exposure groups were also followed.Outcome variables included bodyweight, epididymal fat weight, baseline glucose, glucose tolerance tests (60 and 120 min) and serum insulin. Results We demonstrated that male mice developed a type 2-like diabetes, including obesity, as adults if infected during pregnancy with LV. Diabetes at the age of 11 weeks was more severe in mice whose mothers were infected earlier than in those whose mothers were infected later in pregnancy. Only animals infected in utero and kept under stress developed diabetes; infection or stress alone did not cause disease. Conclusions/interpretation This work demonstrates that a type 2 diabetes-like disease can be virus-induced in a mouse model. Early in utero viral insults can set the stage for disease occurring during adult life, but the final manifestation of diabetes is dependent on the combination of early viral exposure and stress in adult life.

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Development of stereotypies and polydipsia in wild caught bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) and their laboratory-bred offspring.

Cited by 38 publications

References 17 publications

Maternal deprivation and the development of stereotypic behaviour

Maternal deprivation and the development of stereotypic behaviour

NMR-based metabonomic approaches for evaluating physiological influences on biofluid composition

Prenatal viral exposure followed by adult stress produces glucose intolerance in a mouse model

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