Development of Subterranean Clover (<i>Trifolium Subterraneum</i> L.) at Very Early Stages<sup>1</sup>

Raguse, C. A.; Fianu, F.K.; Menke, John W.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1970.0011183x001000060043x

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…- vantage of earlier autumn growth if rain was sufftdent for establishment. Raguse et al ( 1970) have shown that clover seedling growth rate is directly related to temperature. The earlier in the autumn a cool season clover can germinate, the more time it has to become well established and produce forage before growth is limited by low winter temperatures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination Response of Subterranean, Berseem, and Rose Clovers to Alternating Temperatures

Evers¹

1991

Agronomy Journal

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Annual clover (Trifolium spp.) stands are sometimes poor because of low and slow germination due to unfavorable temperatures. The study was conducted to identify optimum temperature for germination of relatively new clover species to the U.S. Southeast to improve stand establishment. High temperature germination was also examined to estimate summer germination which usually results in seedling mortality and a decrease of the soil seed‐bank. Seed of 10 cultivars of T. alexandrinum L., T. brachycalycinum Katzn. and Morley, T. hirtum All., T. subterraneum L., and T. yanninicum Katzn. and Morley were subjected to alternating 12 h day/12 h night temperatures of 15/5, 20/10, 25/15, 30/20 and 35/25 °C. Germination counts were made at 3, 6, 9, and 12 d to determine percent germination and germination rate index (GRI). Germination was >80% for all entries at the three lowest temperature treatments except ‘Larisa’ subclover at 25/15 °. At 30/20 °C, germination of ‘Bigbee‘ berseem and T. brachycalycinum subclovers decreased to 54 to 66%, while the other species decreased to <35%. The 35/25 °C treatment suppressed germination to <25%. The optimum temperature for GRI was 25/15 followed by 20/10, 15/5, 30/20, and 35/25 °C. The optimum germination temperature of 25/15 °C occurs in October along the Texas‐Louisiana Gulf Coast. September plantings (30/20 °C) in this area should be limited to T. alexandrinum and T. brachycalycinum species. Cultivars that germinate at summer temperatures of 35/25 °C or higher should be avoided unless they have a high hard‐seed content.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination Response of Subterranean, Berseem, and Rose Clovers to Alternating Temperatures

Evers¹

1991

Agronomy Journal

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“…Barker') seed was inoculated with Pelinoc (Nitragin Co.) Rhizobium inoculant and sown 6-mm-deep in washed, sterile sand. The plants were thinned to 20 per pot at the 0.8 unifoliate stage of development (24). Rectangular stainless steel pots (38.1 em X 5.1 em X 20.3 em) contained a 0.5 em thick plexiglass plate pierced with 24 1.3-cm-diam holes which was supported 1.0 em• above the bottom of the pot and covered with six layers of cheesecloth to facilitate drainage and gas exchange.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diurnal Variation in Light and Temperature on the Acetylene Reduction Activity (Nitrogen Fixation) of Subterranean Clover¹

Eckart¹,

Raguse

1980

Agronomy Journal

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Singly, or in combination, both light intensity or temperature can limit symbiotic N fixation. Most reported studies have been done to investigate the effects of only one of these factors. The present study was done to determine N fixation response to variation in both light and temperature for an annual range legume which, during its normal growing season, may be subject to growth limiting levels of both environmental factors. Plants of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L., ‘Mt. Barker’) were grown from seed to the sixth trifoliolate leaf stage in sand with N‐deficient nutrient solution. Plant containers were designed to permit sampling of the rooting atmosphere for acetylene reduction assay during treatment conditions, which were maintained with controlled‐environment facilities. During the treatment phase light and temperature were investigated by: 1) varying both diurnally; 2) varying light diurnally under constant temperature; 3) varying temperature diurnally under constant light; and 4) maintaining both light and temperature constant. Apparent N2 fixation (acetylene reduction) showed diurnal fluctuations under: 1) constant light; and 2) 12/12 hour light/dark regimes when root and air temperature fluctuated by 7 and 14 C, respectively. In constant temperature and either normal photoperiods or constant light, however, no significant diurnal fluctuation of acetylene reduction was measured. Under both constant temperature regimes a gradual increase in acetylene reduction activity, which may have been an artifact, was observed. These results show that diurnal changes in acetylene reduction by subterranean clover result more from fluctuations in temperature than from diurnal changes in light and suggest that N2 fixation by root nodules of this species is buffered against short‐term changes in photosynthate supply.

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“…A later planting in January 1971 gave lower winter mortality and increased emergence of some cultivars (Table 2). In studies of the development of subclover seedlings, Raguse et al (1970) found that full emergence of the cotyledons required about 56 days at 10?C. During mid-December, daytime maximum temperatures did not often exceed 10?C (Fig.…”

Section: Results the Seeded Clovers Germinated At The Time Of The Firmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Date of Planting on Emergence of Cultivars of Trifolium hirtum All. and T. subterraneum L.

Evans¹,

Kay²,

Young³

1976

Journal of Range Management

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Development of Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum L.) at Very Early Stages¹

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Germination Response of Subterranean, Berseem, and Rose Clovers to Alternating Temperatures

Germination Response of Subterranean, Berseem, and Rose Clovers to Alternating Temperatures

Effects of Diurnal Variation in Light and Temperature on the Acetylene Reduction Activity (Nitrogen Fixation) of Subterranean Clover¹

Influence of Date of Planting on Emergence of Cultivars of Trifolium hirtum All. and T. subterraneum L.

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Development of Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum L.) at Very Early Stages1

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Germination Response of Subterranean, Berseem, and Rose Clovers to Alternating Temperatures

Germination Response of Subterranean, Berseem, and Rose Clovers to Alternating Temperatures

Effects of Diurnal Variation in Light and Temperature on the Acetylene Reduction Activity (Nitrogen Fixation) of Subterranean Clover1

Influence of Date of Planting on Emergence of Cultivars of Trifolium hirtum All. and T. subterraneum L.

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Development of Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum L.) at Very Early Stages¹

Effects of Diurnal Variation in Light and Temperature on the Acetylene Reduction Activity (Nitrogen Fixation) of Subterranean Clover¹