Development of sustainable masonry units from flood mud soil: Strength and morphology investigations

Rashid, Ahmad Safuan A.; Shahrin, Muhammad Irfan; Horpibulsuk, Suksun; Hezmi, Muhammad Azril; Yunus, Nor Zurairahetty Mohd; Borhamdin, Suhaila

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.039

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Mechanical properties are key engineering properties of soils in geotechnical engineering practices. For those natural soils that have insufficient mechanical strength, soil treatment is often employed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Recently, the incorporation of biopolymers into soil stabilisation has gained increasing credence in sustainable geotechnical engineering for their environmental benefits [8][9][10][11], high strengthening efficiency [12][13][14], abundance in nature [15][16][17], suitable functional properties such as pH stability and ionic salt compatibility [18][19][20] and reasonable prices [8,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optimisation Analysis of Sand-Clay Mixtures Stabilised with Xanthan Gum Biopolymers

Hao

Chen

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Sand–clay mixtures can be encountered in both natural soils (e.g., residual soils, clay deposits and clinosols) and artificial fills. The method of utilising biopolymers in ground improvement for sand–clay mixtures has emerged recently. However, a full understanding of the strengthening effect of biopolymer-treated sand–clay mixtures has not yet been achieved due to a limited number of relevant studies. In this study, xanthan gum (XG), as one of the eco-friendly biopolymers, was used to treat reconstituted sand–clay mixtures that had various compositions in related to clay (or sand) content and clay type (kaolin and bentonite). A series of laboratory unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests were conducted to probe the performances of XG-treated sand–clay mixtures from two aspects, i.e., optimum treatment conditions (e.g., XG content and initial moisture content) to achieve the maximum strengthening effect and strengthening efficiency for the sand–clay mixtures with different compositions. The experimental results indicated that the optimum initial moisture content decreased as the sand content increased. The optimum XG content, which also decreased with the increasing sand content, remained approximately 3.75% for all sand–kaolin mixtures and 5.75% for all sand–bentonite mixtures if calculated based on clay fraction. While untreated sand–kaolin mixtures and sand–bentonite mixtures had comparable UCS values, XG-treated sand–kaolin mixtures seemed to have better improved mechanical strength due to higher ionic (or hydrogen) bonds with XG and low-swelling properties compared with bentonite. The deformation modulus of XG-treated sand–clay mixtures were positively related with UCS. The variation in UCS and stiffness for each treatment condition increased as the sand content was elevated for both sand-kaolin and sand-bentonite mixtures. An increment in the proportion of the heterogeneous composite formed by irregular sand particles conglomerated with the XG–clay matrix in total soil might be responsible for this phenomenon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optimisation Analysis of Sand-Clay Mixtures Stabilised with Xanthan Gum Biopolymers

Hao

Chen

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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“…Presently, calcined clays are enjoying a renaissance as pozzolanic materials for partial substitution of OPC in blended cements in order to enhance the performance of the hydrated cements [ 6 , 7 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Increasing the content of calcined clays in blended cements has a potential advantage to lower the cost of cement by reducing the amount of OPC in blended cement and emission of CO 2 into the atmosphere thus promoting sustainable development [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of activated blended cement containing high content of calcined clay

Marangu

Karanja

Muthengia

2018

Heliyon

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This paper presents findings of an experimental investigation on sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) activated calcined clay – Portland cement blends in sulphuric acid media. Calcined clays were blended with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) at replacement levels of 40% 45% and 50 % by mass of OPC to make blended cement labelled PCC40, PCC45 and PCC50 respectively. Initially, pozzolanicity and setting time tests were conducted. Mortar prisms measuring 40 mm × 40 mm × 160 mm were cast using 0.5M Na2SO4 solution and their compressive strengths determined on the 2nd, 7th, 28th and 90 th day of curing. The 28th day cured mortar prisms were subjected to porosity test. Moreover, 5 × 5 × 5 cm mortar cubes were also prepared and their weight and strength loss was taken as a measure of their acid resistivity after an immersion time of 7, 14, 28, 56, 84 and 120 days in 3 % of sulphuric acid at 23 ± 1 °C. OPC, commercial Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) and PCC40, PCC45 and PCC50 cement were cast using water and similarly investigated for comparison purposes. The results obtained showed that chemically activated cements exhibited higher pozzolanic activity, lower porosity, shorter setting times and higher resistance to acid attack compared to non-activated cements. However, OPC was found to be non-pozzolanic.

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